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“Maker” is a modern interpretation of manufacturing techniques. It is a hobby for some and a way to make a living for others. They are one of the pillars of the modern creative industry. Still, there is no school with a special focus on makers. That is why makerspaces play a very important role in the development of makers and in the achievement of durable impact on the environment.
We are creating a guide to help both those who want to create a makerspace but also for those who want to become “maker entrepreneurs” and learn about how others before them have started, the tools they used and advice regarding green development, business models and engagement with the community.
The Maker ABC project has been funded with support from the European Commission. Its content and material reflect the views only of the authors, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.
Project code: 2021-2-RO01-KA210-ADU-000051270
Generic Definition:
The Z-axis is the third axis of a three-dimensional coordinate system, also known as the vertical axis. It is perpendicular to the X-axis and Y-axis and measures height or depth. In manufacturing, the Z-axis is commonly used in 3D printing, CNC machining, and other types of automated production equipment to control the vertical movement of a tool or workpiece.
In terms of entrepreneurship:
In entrepreneurship, the Z-axis is often used to represent the scalability or growth potential of a business. It represents the potential for growth in terms of size, revenue, and market share.
In terms of community:
In the Maker community, the z-axis typically refers to the vertical axis of a three-dimensional object, while the x-axis and y-axis refer to the horizontal axes. The x, y, and z-axes are used to determine the position and movement of a tool or material within a 3D printing or CNC milling machine. Understanding the relationship between these axes is crucial for accurately designing and manufacturing objects using digital fabrication technologies.
Generic Definition:
FLOSS stands for “Free/Libre and Open Source Software.” It is a term used to describe software that is both free to use and modify, and whose source code is open and available for others to study, modify, and distribute.
In terms of entrepreneurship:
FLOSS is closely related to entrepreneurship in the Maker world, particularly in the context of small-scale manufacturing and product development, by providing Makers with access to low-cost, customizable software tools and resources.
In terms of community:
In the Maker community, FLOSS is often used as a tool for creating and sharing projects, as well as for developing software to control various Maker tools and equipment. Many Maker communities encourage the use of FLOSS to ensure that projects and tools are accessible to as many people as possible, regardless of their financial means.
Generic Definition:
Education is the process of giving or receiving knowledge in order to promote learning, and may be carried out in formal, informal, and non-formal settings. It can refer to the theory and practice of teaching, or the body of knowledge acquired by the learner. It may also refer to a more general set of information about a topic or training in a specific subject, as well as any enlightening experience that promotes growth and learning.
In terms of entrepreneurship:
Education is important to Maker-entrepreneurs, as both formal and non-formal education contributes to the skills and knowledge Makers need to produce their crafts and products. Here it is important to highlight the contributions of non-formal education, since many Makers learn on their own, from other Makers (one-on-one), or as part of a Maker community, sharing ideas and tips for improving and innovating their products.
In terms of community:
Education in terms of the Maker community involves a hands-on, experiential, and collaborative approach to learning that emphasizes creativity, innovation, and problem-solving. It recognizes the importance of providing students with opportunities to learn through making and experimentation and can have a range of benefits for both students and the wider society.
Generic Definition:
ESP32 is a series of low-cost, low-power system-on-a-chip microcontrollers developed by Espressif Systems. These chips also provide Wi-Fi and dual-mode Bluetooth connectivity with embedded devices. While ESP32 is technically just the chip, modules and development boards that contain this chip are often also referred to as “ESP32” by the manufacturer. The ESP32 is most commonly engineered for mobile devices, wearable tech, and IoT applications, though it can be used in a number of different production systems and its capabilities and resources have grown extensively since it was first produced.
In terms of entrepreneurship:
ESP32 in terms of entrepreneurship represents the capacity for Makers to include the microcontroller chip in products and projects that are innovative and highly attractive in our contemporary society. As a result, things like innovations in mobile device and wearable tech represent new opportunities for Maker-entrepreneurs.
In terms of community:
ESP32 in terms of community represents a vibrant and active community of Makers, hobbyists, developers, and enthusiasts who are working together to create innovative and exciting projects using this versatile microcontroller. The community’s focus on collaboration, open-source principles, and knowledge sharing has helped to drive innovation and push the boundaries of what is possible in the world of electronics and IoT.
Generic Definition:
1. practical contact with and observation of facts or events.
2.the knowledge or skill acquired by a period of practical experience of something, especially that gained in a particular profession.
3. an event or occurrence which leaves an impression on someone.
In terms of entrepreneurship:
The making of a project/object/business is a journey filled with creativity, challenges, and fulfillment. For entrepreneurs, every step of the process, from ideation to product realization, is a transformative experience and learning opportunity that shapes their identity and brand.
Experience as a way of being part of the process is also a selling point for makers (see craftsman), as the story behind the object they are creating is as important sometimes as the object itself.
In terms of community:
The concept of experience in the Maker community refers to the idea that Makers engage in hands-on, experiential learning by creating physical objects or prototypes. This approach emphasizes learning through doing and encourages Makers to experiment with materials and techniques to develop new skills and knowledge. The experience of making also fosters creativity, problem-solving, and collaboration among members of the Maker community. By sharing their experiences and insights, Makers can inspire and support each other, while also advancing the overall goals of the community, such as innovation, sustainability, and social impact. The focus on experience in the Maker community is often linked to the broader movement of experiential learning and is seen as a way to promote more engaging and effective forms of education and training.
Generic Definition:
the branch of physics and technology concerned with the design of circuits using transistors and microchips, and with the behaviour and movement of electrons in a semiconductor, conductor, vacuum, or gas.
In terms of entrepreneurship:
From wearable tech to home automation and IoT devices, the applications of electronics in the maker world are vast. Entrepreneurs leverage their technical expertise and creativity to develop solutions that address real-world challenges and consumer needs.
However, electronics entrepreneurship also poses challenges. Technical complexities, regulatory compliance, and supply chain management require careful consideration. Ensuring product safety and cybersecurity is paramount.
In terms of community:
Using electronics in the Maker community involves designing, prototyping, and building electronic devices, circuits, and systems. This can range from simple projects like LED lighting and sensors to more complex ones like drones, robots, and interactive installations. The Maker community often uses open-source hardware and software platforms like Arduino and Raspberry Pi to develop and program electronic projects, and may also utilize 3D printing and laser cutting to fabricate custom enclosures and parts. Collaboration and knowledge-sharing are important values in the Maker community, and members often share their designs and code online, fostering a culture of open innovation and creativity.
Generic Definition:
The art or pastime of embroidering cloth.
Embroidering – decorate (cloth) by sewing patterns on it with thread.
In terms of entrepreneurship:
Similar to carpentry, embroidery is one of those fields of making that has been revolutionised in the modern world. As one of the oldest crafts, embroidery links us so strongly to the past and tradition.
Yet, making is all about mixing the old with the new so there are a lot of makers that use embroidery in contemporary ways.
Here are a few examples:
Cosânzeana – https://cosanzeana.ro/ is a social business that creates embroidery kits on wood
In terms of community:
In the Maker community, embroidery is often seen as a creative and expressive art form that can be used to personalize clothing, accessories, and other fabric-based projects. Many Makers use embroidery to add unique designs and details to their handmade creations, and there are a wide variety of embroidery techniques and styles that can be explored. Some Makers also use embroidery as a form of activism, creating designs that promote social justice causes or raise awareness about important issues.
Generic Definition:
1. the branch of science and technology concerned with the design, building, and use of engines, machines, and structures.
a field of study or activity concerned with modification or development in a particular area.
“software engineering”
2. the action of working artfully to bring something about.
In terms of entrepreneurship:
Maker entrepreneurs with engineering expertise have a distinct advantage, as engineering encompasses a wide range of disciplines, including mechanical, electrical, software, and even biomedical engineering. Entrepreneurs with engineering backgrounds possess the technical acumen to design and optimize complex systems, they understand the equipment quickly and sometimes even serve as tech support for the community which in some makerspaces comes with perks like lower subscriptions.
Engineering entrepreneurs leverage their knowledge of CAD software, simulation tools, and rapid prototyping techniques and apply them in their business making it fairly easy to make the transition to self employment.
In terms of community:
In the Maker community, engineering refers to the application of scientific and mathematical principles to design, build, and develop innovative products, systems, and structures. Makers who have an engineering background often use their expertise to create prototypes and solve technical problems. They may work on projects ranging from simple DIY electronics to complex machines, and they often collaborate with other Makers to share knowledge and resources. Additionally, many engineering-focused Makers participate in events and competitions that challenge them to create innovative and practical solutions to real-world problems.
Generic Definition:
In general, a facility refers to a place, building, or installation that is designed to serve a particular function or purpose. This may include buildings such as factories, offices, hospitals, schools, or warehouses, or other types of installations such as power plants, stadiums, or transportation hubs. Facilities can be designed for a wide range of uses, and can range in scale from small, single-room structures to large, multi-building complexes.
In terms of entrepreneurship:
Maker spaces, fab labs, and workshops offer a wide range of tools, equipment, and expertise that may be otherwise inaccessible to individual entrepreneurs.
These facilities provide a collaborative and supportive environment for makers to experiment, prototype, and refine their ideas. From 3D printers and laser cutters to CNC machines and electronics workstations, these spaces offer cutting-edge technologies that expedite the product development process.
For entrepreneurs with limited resources, access to these facilities reduces the barrier to entry and fosters a culture of innovation. Entrepreneurs can experiment with different materials and techniques, refine their designs, and iterate rapidly without significant upfront costs.
In terms of community:
In the Maker community, a facility is a physical space that is designed, equipped, and dedicated to supporting Makers in their creative endeavors. These facilities can take many forms, such as makerspaces, fab labs, or coworking spaces, and are often equipped with a variety of tools and resources, including 3D printers, laser cutters, and woodworking equipment. They provide a place for Makers to collaborate, share ideas, and access tools and expertise they may not have otherwise. Facilities can also serve as a hub for community events, classes, and workshops, further supporting the development of skills and knowledge within the Maker community.
Generic Definition:
The movable articles that are used to make a room or building suitable for living or working in, such as tables, chairs, or desks.
In terms of entrepreneurship:
In terms of entrepreneurship, furniture is a business opportunity for many makers, as personalized, original pieces are very saut after. See carpentry
In terms of building a makerspace as a business, from the perspective of Nod Makerspace, furniture is best to be custom made to suit the space and the needs for safety, storage, and efficiency.
In terms of community:
Furniture in the Maker community can refer to the various pieces of furniture that Makers can create using a range of techniques and tools. These can include chairs, tables, bookshelves, cabinets, and more. Makers often take a unique approach to furniture design, creating custom pieces that are tailored to their specific needs and preferences. They may use a variety of materials such as wood, metal, plastic, or even recycled materials to create their furniture. Additionally, Makers may incorporate digital fabrication tools such as CNC machines or laser cutters to create intricate designs and shapes in their furniture.
Generic Definition:
A popular or the latest style of clothing, hair, decoration, or behaviour.
In terms of entrepreneurship:
The maker world provides fashion entrepreneurs with the freedom to explore diverse styles and materials, enabling them to craft one-of-a-kind pieces that resonate with a growing segment of consumers seeking individuality and ethical fashion choices.
What makes maker fashion different is that it adheres to the makers principles of crafting things with purpose and with curiosity. When it comes to efficiency in the fashion industry, it’s hard to have a business that will reach as high as big fashion brands but rather cater to a devoted number of clients that want what you can specifically offer.
See sustainability
In terms of community:
In the Maker community, fashion typically refers to the design and creation of clothing, accessories, and wearable technology using a variety of materials and techniques. Makers interested in fashion often combine traditional sewing and textile techniques with new technologies such as 3D printing, electronics, and smart textiles to create unique and innovative fashion designs.
Generic Definition:
A fab lab (fabrication laboratory) is a small-scale workshop offering (personal) digital fabrication
FabLab, short for Fabrication Laboratory, is a cornerstone of the maker world from an entrepreneurship perspective. FabLabs are community-oriented spaces equipped with a wide range of digital fabrication tools and technologies, including 3D printers, laser cutters, CNC machines, and electronics workstations. They provide a supportive environment for entrepreneurs to turn their ideas into physical prototypes and products.
In terms of entrepreneurship:
From an entrepreneurship perspective, FabLabs offer several significant advantages. First, they democratize access to advanced manufacturing tools, reducing the initial investment required for entrepreneurs to prototype and test their ideas. This lowers the barrier to entry and enables individuals with innovative concepts to bring them to life without the need for expensive equipment or facilities.
FabLabs also foster a collaborative and knowledge-sharing culture. Entrepreneurs can interact with like-minded individuals, designers, engineers, and experts from various fields. This network provides valuable feedback, mentorship, and potential partnerships, enhancing the quality and commercial viability of their projects.
We see this first hand at Nod Makerspace and we also realize that makers sometimes need a push in order to make it as an entrepreneur. Therefore, we try to create an ecosystem for them to thrive in, complete with business incubator programms, scholarships and accelerator programs. Also having a good onboarding programme helps new makers learn how to work with new equipment with confidence (this process can be monetised)
In terms of community:
The goal of FabLabs is to democratize access to tools and technologies, allowing people from all backgrounds to bring their ideas to life and engage in hands-on learning and innovation.
FabLabs are often associated with the Maker movement, and many are part of a global network of FabLabs that share resources, knowledge, and best practices. FabLabs can be found in a variety of settings, including universities, libraries, community centers, and dedicated Maker spaces.
Generic Definition:
A slender threadlike object or fibre, especially one found in animal or plant structures.
3D printing filament is the thermoplastic feedstock for fused deposition modeling 3D printers
In terms of entrepreneurship:
3D printing filaments, which come in various materials such as PLA, ABS, PETG, and more, offer distinct properties, enabling entrepreneurs to create functional prototypes, customized products, and even end-use parts.
From an environmental standpoint, some entrepreneurs focus on sustainable filaments made from recycled or bio-based materials. This aligns with the growing demand for eco-friendly products and positions their businesses as environmentally conscious.
For entrepreneurs looking to supply 3D printing filaments, the market offers opportunities for product differentiation. They can offer specialized filaments with unique properties, colors, and finishes, catering to specific customer needs and preferences.
However, competition in the 3D printing filament market is intensifying as more players enter the space. Entrepreneurs must continuously innovate, focus on quality control, and offer excellent customer service to stand out in the crowded market.
In terms of community:
In the Maker community, “filament” generally refers to the material used in 3D printing. Filament is a thin, flexible material that is fed into a 3D printer, which then melts the material and extrudes it through a nozzle to create a 3D object layer by layer. Filament can be made of various materials, including PLA, ABS, PETG, nylon, and more, each with different properties such as strength, flexibility, durability, and temperature resistance. Filament is an essential component of the 3D printing process and plays a crucial role in determining the quality, strength, and overall performance of the printed object.
Generic Definition:
The free-culture movement is a social movement that promotes the freedom to distribute and modify the creative works of others in the form of free content or open content without compensation to, or the consent of, the work’s original creators, by using the Internet and other forms of media.
In terms of entrepreneurship:
In an ideal world, free culture in the maker world offers significant advantages for entrepreneurs who embrace openness, collaboration, and knowledge-sharing. It democratizes access to resources, fosters a collaborative community, and enables entrepreneurs to build meaningful businesses while contributing to the greater open-source ecosystem.
However, free culture also presents challenges for entrepreneurship. Monetizing free creations can be a delicate balance, as entrepreneurs must find alternative revenue streams, such as providing premium services, consulting, or physical products.
In terms of community:
The Maker community also values the concept of “free culture,” which refers to the idea that creative works should be freely available for others to use, build upon, and share. This can include everything from open-access scientific research to creative commons-licensed music and art.
Generic Definition:
Foam is a material that is typically made from plastic or rubber polymers that have been expanded and formed into a spongy, lightweight structure. Foam can be manufactured in a wide range of densities, hardnesses, and shapes, making it a versatile material with a wide range of applications.
In terms of entrepreneurship:
Foam material is a versatile and accessible resource for entrepreneurs in the Maker world. By leveraging foam’s unique properties and capabilities, Makers can create innovative products, educate the next generation of innovators, and contribute to a more sustainable future.
In terms of community:
In the Maker community, foam is often used as a material for creating various projects, such as cosplay costumes, props, and set designs. Foam is popular because it is lightweight, easy to cut and shape, and can be painted or coated with other materials to achieve a desired texture or finish. Foam can be cut with tools such as a hot wire cutter or a utility knife, and can be shaped using heat or pressure.
Generic Definition:
An ecosystem is a community or group of living organisms that live in and interact with each other in a specific environment. An ecosystem can also refer to the balance between differing individuals and processes in a more abstract sense, such as the ecosystem comprising the Maker world (very large-scale) or the ecosystem of a specific makerspace or community (smaller scale).
In terms of entrepreneurship:
The essence of an entrepreneurial ecosystem is its people and the culture of trust and collaboration that allows them to interact successfully. An ecosystem that allows for the fast flow of talent, information, and resources helps entrepreneurs quickly find what they need at each stage of growth. This people-based component includes the human capital of an entrepreneurial ecosystem, e.g., mentorship, leadership, and supportive services, which are provided by incubators and are essential for incubated startups to grow. Apart from its people, entreprenurial ecosystems (both in the Maker world and outside of it) also generally need technology, capital, and infrastructure as their main pillars to thrive.
In terms of community:
Ecosystem in terms of community involves a holistic and integrated approach to community development that recognizes the interdependence of ecological, social, and economic factors. It emphasizes the importance of creating a balanced and sustainable system that promotes the health and well-being of community members, supports economic growth, and fosters social cohesion and community engagement.
Generic Definition:
FabCity is a global initiative that aims to create self-sufficient cities that can produce everything they need using digital fabrication tools and processes. The initiative brings together cities, companies, universities, and communities to build resilient, sustainable, and innovative cities.
In terms of entrepreneurship:
Fab City provides Makers with access to a wide range of resources, including tools, materials, and expertise. This can be especially valuable for entrepreneurs who are just starting out and may not have the resources to invest in their own manufacturing infrastructure.
In terms of community:
In the context of the Maker community, FabCity represents a vision for the future where makerspaces and other digital fabrication facilities are an integral part of urban infrastructure, empowering citizens to become active Makers and creators of their own goods and services. FabCity encourages the development of local supply chains and circular economies, as well as the use of open-source hardware and software to promote collaboration and knowledge-sharing among Makers and communities.
Generic Definition:
FabCity is a global initiative that aims to create self-sufficient cities that can produce everything they need using digital fabrication tools and processes. The initiative brings together cities, companies, universities, and communities to build resilient, sustainable, and innovative cities.
In terms of entrepreneurship:
Fab City provides Makers with access to a wide range of resources, including tools, materials, and expertise. This can be especially valuable for entrepreneurs who are just starting out and may not have the resources to invest in their own manufacturing infrastructure.
In terms of community:
In the context of the Maker community, FabCity represents a vision for the future where makerspaces and other digital fabrication facilities are an integral part of urban infrastructure, empowering citizens to become active Makers and creators of their own goods and services. FabCity encourages the development of local supply chains and circular economies, as well as the use of open-source hardware and software to promote collaboration and knowledge-sharing among Makers and communities.
Generic Definition:
G-code is a programming language used to control computerized machine tools such as 3D printers, CNC mills, and laser cutters. G-code consists of a series of commands that tell the machine how to move, what path to follow, and how fast to move.
In terms of entrepreneurship:
G-code is related to entrepreneurship in the Maker world as it plays an important role in the manufacturing process for many Maker-created products. G-code is a programming language used to control CNC (computer numerical control) machines, which are used in manufacturing to automate the process of cutting, drilling, and shaping materials.
In terms of community:
G-code is used to create precise and complex shapes and structures with high accuracy. In the Maker community, G-code is often used to program 3D printers that can be used by all members of the makerspace or Maker community to create prototypes and finished products.
Generic Definition:
Gloves are an essential tool for Makers for promoting safety and protecting against potential hazards in the manufacturing process, while also providing the necessary dexterity and grip to work effectively with small parts and delicate materials.
In terms of entrepreneurship:
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In terms of community:
In the Maker community, gloves are often used as a form of personal protective equipment (PPE) to prevent injury or contamination during various types of making activities. Depending on the specific task, different types of gloves may be used, such as latex, nitrile, or vinyl gloves for handling chemicals or food, cut-resistant gloves for working with sharp tools, or heat-resistant gloves for working with hot materials or tools.
Generic Definition:
Gogglesare an essential tool for makers for promoting safety and protecting against potential hazards in the manufacturing process, while also providing the necessary visibility and clarity to work effectively with small parts and detailed materials.
In terms of entrepreneurship:
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In terms of community:
In the Maker community, goggles usually refer to protective eyewear that is used when working with tools and materials that may cause eye injury. Safety goggles are an essential part of personal protective equipment (PPE) in many makerspaces and workshops.
Generic Definition:
In the context of a makerspace, the verb to “give” typically refers to the act of contributing one’s skills, knowledge, and resources to the community in order to support the growth and development of others.
In terms of entrepreneurship:
Maker giving and entrepreneurship intersect through their shared values of innovation, problem-solving, and impact creation. Entrepreneurs who embrace the principles of making and incorporate giving into their ventures can develop purpose-driven businesses, collaborate with others, and drive positive change in society.
In terms of community:
In the context of the Maker community, “give” can refer to the act of sharing knowledge, skills, and resources with others in the community without expecting anything in return. This is often done through workshops, mentorship programs, and online forums where Makers can share their experiences and help others learn and grow in their craft. Giving can also refer to the act of contributing to open-source projects or collaborating with others on community-based projects. The Maker community places a high value on the idea of giving back and supporting others to foster a culture of collaboration and innovation.
Generic Definition:
A handicraft is any of a wide variety of types of work where useful and decorative objects are made completely by one’s own hands or by using only simple, non-automated tools like scissors, carving implements, or hooks. It is also a traditional main sector of craft making and applies to a wide range of creative and design activities related to making things with one’s hands and skills, including work done with textiles, moldable and rigid materials, paper, plant fibers, clay, etc.
In terms of entrepreneurship:
Many Makers who sell their products engage in making things that could be considered handicrafts, though what sets them apart is that they often merge what could be considered traditional or artisianal values, processes or techniques with new elements (including technological elements) to make new or updated versions of handicraft products.
In terms of community:
Handicraft has its roots in the rural crafts of ancient civilizations (including material goods and necessities), and many specific crafts have been practiced and passed down for centuries, while others are modern inventions or popularizations of crafts which were originally practiced in a limited geographic or cultural area. Seen as developing the skills and creative interests of students, generally and sometimes towards a particular craft or trade, handicrafts are often integrated into educational systems, both informally and formally. Most crafts require the development of skill and the application of patience but can be learned by virtually anyone.
Generic Definition:
The concept of heritage refers to valued objects and qualities (both tangible and intangible), such as historic buildings and cultural traditions, that have been passed down from previous generations. It may denote things of special architectural, historical, cultural, or natural value that are preserved for the nation and future generations. In the context of making, it may also denote a traditional brand or product regarded as emblematic of fine craftsmanship.
In terms of entrepreneurship:
Heritage can play a large role in Maker entrepreneurship, not only in the products produced, but also in the ways Maker-entrepreneurs organise their businesses, communicate with their clients/ customers, and conceive of new products or projects. This necessarily varies depending on the geographic area, sociocultural traditions, languages, and natural landscapes of each Maker, among other variables.
In terms of community:
Heritage in terms of Maker community refers to the practice of preserving and promoting traditional crafts, skills, and techniques through the use of modern technology and the principles of the Maker movement. It involves a commitment to preserving cultural heritage and promoting sustainability by empowering communities to create and innovate using traditional materials and techniques.
Generic Definition:
A hot glue gun is a gun-shaped tool with a heating element, used to apply hot melt adhesives, such as silicone, to fix one object to another. First produced in the 1940s, hot melts—thermoplastics in the shape of tubular sticks—were created as an improvement to water-based adhesives that weaken when exposed to humidity.
In terms of entrepreneurship:
Hot glue guns are used by some Makers in the production of their products for sale, including (but not limited to) many kinds of handicrafts, arts & crafts pieces, and items made of wood, plastic, metal, electronics, or textiles/ fabrics. This type of adhesive is quite versatile, cheap, and easy to use, which makes it a common adhesive item in many fields.
In terms of community:
A hot glue gun is a tool commonly used in the Maker community for various projects, especially for those involving arts and crafts, DIY, and prototyping.
In the Maker community, hot glue guns are often used for their versatility and convenience. They can be used to bond a wide range of materials, such as wood, plastic, metal, and fabric, making them a useful tool for a variety of projects.
Generic Definition:
Heat is the transfer of kinetic energy from one medium or object to another, or from an energy source to a medium or object. Such energy transfer can occur in three ways: radiation, conduction, and convection. In the Maker world, heat is used to combine materials (such as in welding, melting the silicone in a hot glue gun, or finishing pottery in a kiln, for instance).
In terms of entrepreneurship:
Heat is a key element of Maker production in many areas, and therefore is central to many Maker-entrepreneurs’ activities. For example, many Makers work with metal, ceramics, and other materials that need heat to mold and finish their products properly.
In terms of community:
In the Maker community, heat can refer to the use of heat-based tools and techniques in the creation of various projects. Some common examples of heat-based tools and techniques used in the Maker community include:
soldering irons, hot glue guns, hot wire cutters, kilns, and ovens.
Generic Definition:
In a general sense, industry is the common term for economic activity concerned with the processing of raw materials and the manufacture of goods in factories. When we refer to a particular industry, this denotes a group of manufacturers or businesses that produce a particular kind of goods or services, or it may also be used to refer to a specific type of business.
In terms of entrepreneurship:
Industry plays a part in the Maker world because it is the root of where many of the materials and tools used by Makers come from. Entrepreneurial Makers in particular often participate in varied industries, such as manufacturing, technology, the creative and cultural industries, etc.
When it comes to entreprenourship, makers are at the extremes of industry, sometimes pushing it forward with experimental techniques, at others using low entry, DIY equipment for production. Either way, the close the loop.
In terms of community:
The Maker community has also played a role in the development of new products and technologies. Makers often work on projects that are experimental or innovative, pushing the boundaries of what is possible and coming up with new ideas for products or services. Some of these projects have led to the development of new technologies, such as 3D printing or open-source software, that have the potential to transform industries and disrupt traditional business models.
Generic Definition:
Inclusion is the practice or policy of providing equal access to opportunities and resources for people who might otherwise be excluded or marginalized, such as those who have physical or intellectual disabilities and members of other minority groups (based on sex, gender, race/ethnicity, religion, etc.).
In terms of entrepreneurship:
Inclusion is the practice of creating an environment that welcomes and supports individuals from diverse backgrounds and experiences. Entrepreneurs who prioritize inclusion embrace a broad range of voices, perspectives, and talents, fostering a vibrant and innovative ecosystem.
Inclusion for an entrepreneur can mean designing gloves for small hands, tools that can be used by people with small hands, softer grips, less physical strength, shakey hands, etc.
Designing objects with inclusion in mind can mean making sure that the product can be used by people with mobility issues, limited sight and/or strength, and different ages. Designing inclusive objects will only grow the number of you possible clients.
In terms of community:
Inclusion is an important value for the Maker community to uphold, as it can help to create a more diverse and vibrant community that is capable of tackling some of the world’s biggest challenges. By creating an inclusive and welcoming environment, the Maker community can inspire people from all backgrounds to participate in making and help to create a better world for everyone.
Generic Definition:
An Integrated Development Environment (IDE) is a software application that helps programmers develop software code efficiently. It increases developer productivity by combining capabilities such as software editing, building, testing, and packaging in an easy-to-use application. An IDE normally consists of at least a source code editor, build automation tools, and a debugger.
In terms of entrepreneurship:
IDEs are used by many Makers to develop different aspects of their businesses, as well as new technology-related products they can sell. They are useful especially because they allow Makers to develop code more efficiently, thus streamlining their creation processes, and can be used by Makers with various levels of familiarity with them.
In terms of community:
IDEs are an essential tool for Makers who are interested in programming microcontrollers or other embedded systems. By providing a comprehensive set of tools and simplifying the development process, IDEs can help to make programming more accessible to beginners and enable Makers to create more complex and sophisticated projects.
Generic Definition:
Environmentalism is a political and ethical movement that seeks to improve and protect the quality of the natural environment through changes to environmentally harmful human activities; through the adoption of forms of political, economic, and social organization that are thought to be necessary for, or at least conducive to, the benign treatment of the environment by humans; and through a reassessment of humanity’s relationship with nature. In various ways, environmentalism claims that living things other than humans, and the natural environment as a whole, are deserving of consideration in reasoning about the morality of political, economic, and social policies.
In terms of entrepreneurship:
Environmentalism is increasingly important in the Maker world, especially to Maker-entrepreneurs, who seek to carry out their activities and create their products in the most environmentally-friendly and sustainable way possible. This can be achieved by both individual Makers and communities of Makers who work together.
When starting a business while part of the maker community, efficiency, upcycling and collaboration are factors that positively affect the carbon footprint of an object. This, however, doas not mean that an object can have only a positive impact on the environment as long as we structure society around capitalist ideals and the government doas not put sustainable processes into law.
In terms of community:
Environmentalism in terms of community refers to a collective effort to protect and preserve the natural environment by promoting sustainable practices, reducing waste, and minimizing the impact of human activities on the planet. It involves bringing together community members, organizations, and stakeholders to work towards a common goal of protecting the environment.
Generic Definition:
Do-it-with-others (DIWO) is very similar to DIT (do-it-together) culture, with a focus on transforming the DIY (do-it-yourself) ethos into a collective, collaborative process. In a DIWO community, people take up different roles at the same time, including those of teacher, learner, experimenter, and collective researcher, as the foundation of collective learning. These roles are fluent and exchangeable, putting everyone on the same level. This empowers all contributors and shows everyone has something to share and can be part of the whole, which is greater than the sum of its parts.
In terms of entrepreneurship:
Similarly to DIT culture, Makers who participate in the DIWO culture work even more to share their experiences with one another and also put themselves in a place where they can try to experience other types of roles, too. In terms of entrepreneurship, this creates Maker-entrepreneurs who are much more well-rounded and able to carry out many different parts of the process– design, creation, marketing, sales, etc.– in a fluid way. Sharing in this type of community also makes it easier to develop new ideas and prototypes, since everyone can contribute their expertise and also learn new skills that help their businesses. It can also lead to more creative and innovative ideas and solutions.
In terms of community:
DiWO involves a collaborative and participatory approach to community engagement and development that emphasizes co-creation, shared learning, and mutual support. It recognizes the importance of working together with others to achieve common goals and can have a range of benefits for both the community and the wider society.
Generic Definition:
Knitting is a method for the production of flexible textile fabrics by interlacing yarn loops with loops of the same or other yarns. It is used to create many types of garments, blankets, and other useful objects. Knitting may be done by hand or by machine. Like weaving, knitting is a technique for producing a two-dimensional fabric made from a one-dimensional yarn or thread.
In terms of entrepreneurship:
Nowadays, knitting is becoming an attractive and popular form of making that has built quite a large community of Makers and entrepreneurs on social media (there is even the slang term “knitfluencer” for people who have bcome knitting influencers on Instagram!). Although it is usually a slow and detailed process of making, knitting provides opportunities for Makers to exercise their creative skills and produce hand-crafted items for sale. Many Makers also sell their knitting patterns as a way to showcase their creative skills and earn extra income from their craft, since hand-knit items can take a very long time to create and are one-time sales, while patterns also take a long time to create (including lots of trial and error), but can be sold endless times.
Automated or semioutomated entry level knotting machines are also becoming more accesible and, even though they cannot compete with mass production, they are often used to prototype, experiment and produce art.
In terms of community:
In the Maker community, knitting is often seen as a form of DIY crafting that allows individuals to create unique and personalized items that reflect their individual style and creativity. Knitting patterns and tutorials are widely available online, and many Makers enjoy experimenting with different yarns, stitches, and techniques to create custom designs.
Generic Definition:
Carpentry is the craft of working with wood to create structures, furniture, and other objects. Carpentry skills involve the ability to measure, cut, join, and shape wood using hand and power tools, as well as an understanding of construction techniques and materials.
In terms of entrepreneurship:
As technology advances and consumer preferences shift towards authenticity and sustainability, carpentry has found a fertile ground for growth and innovation within the entrepreneurial ecosystem in the Maker Movement.
In the maker world, carpentry entrepreneurs are not limited to traditional woodworking techniques. They leverage modern tools like computer numerical control (CNC) machines and laser cutters, combining digital design with hands-on craftsmanship. This fusion of old-world skills and cutting-edge technology allows them to produce intricate, high-quality products with speed and precision. This inables them to move in the direction of sustainability and upcycling, building objects made with saved wood, scap wood, restoring old furniture or ikeahacking. The uniqueness and long lasting aspects of carpentry are a good selling point and a good business direction to go into (see custom design)
The international aspect of the maker worlds add to the abilities of a maker who takes up carpentry, as they can learn skills from other parts of the world and incorporate them in their design.
In terms of community:
Carpentry in the Maker community often involves the use of hand tools, such as saws, chisels, and planes, as well as power tools like drills, sanders, and routers. Makers may also use computer-aided design (CAD) software to plan and design their projects, and may incorporate other materials, such as metal or plastic, into their designs.
Carpentry is an important part of the Maker community because it allows Makers to create functional and aesthetically pleasing objects that are often unique and personalized.
Generic Definition:
Active learning is “a method of learning in which students are actively or experientially involved in the learning process”. There are different levels of active learning, depending on the degree of student involvement.
In terms of entrepreneurship:
Active learning is a form of experiential learning that encourages collaboration and interaction within learning environments, which allows for a more meaningful understanding and application of new concepts. Within the context of entrepreneurship, it allows for the use of creativity and critical thinking skills to develop new business ideas, test them out in the real world, and learn from potential successes and setbacks. Through active learning, one can develop entrepreneurial skills such as problem-solving, market analysis, and risk assessment, which are essential for launching and managing a successful business. In a makerspace environment, makers often learn as they go, through the use of community and shared knowledge, or while watching others do/make.
In terms of community:
Active learning is a key component of the Maker community, as it involves hands-on, experiential learning that allows individuals to engage with and explore the world around them. Within the Maker community, active learning is often facilitated through project-based learning, where individuals work on practical projects that require them to engage with materials and tools in a hands-on way. One of the benefits of active learning in the Maker community is that it promotes creativity and innovation. By encouraging individuals to experiment and explore, active learning helps to foster a culture of problem-solving and out-of-the-box thinking. This approach to learning also helps individuals to develop important skills such as critical thinking, collaboration, and communication, which are essential for success both within and outside of the Maker community.
Generic Definition:
Arduino is an open-source hardware and software company, project, and user community that designs and manufactures single-board microcontrollers and microcontroller kits for building digital devices. Its hardware products are licensed under a CC BY-SA license, while the software is licensed under the GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) or the GNU General Public License (GPL), permitting the manufacturing of Arduino boards and software distribution by anyone. Arduino boards are available commercially from the official website, or through authorized distributors.
In terms of entrepreneurship:
Arduino is an open-source electronics platform suitable for many different types of entrepreneurship projects. Arduino boards have been used in projects such as automated home systems and even wearable technology bu also robotics and product design. Entrepreneurs can use Arduino for prototyping, to create interactive products, or even to create start-up businesses. It’s versatility and low cost make it an attractive platform for entrepreneurs with limited resources. Additionally, the large online community of Arduino users helps entrepreneurs get started quickly by providing resources, tutorials, and advice on Arduino applications.
In terms of community:
The ever-growing Arduino community is made up of everyone from hobbyists and students to designers and engineers all across the world. They develop open playgrounds for a collection of Arduino knowledge, tutorials, and tips provided by fellow Arduino users.
Generic Definition:
Augmented reality (AR) is an interactive experience that combines real world and computer-generated content. The content can span multiple sensory modalities, including visual, auditory, haptic, somatosensory and olfactory. AR can be defined as a system that incorporates three basic features: a combination of real and virtual worlds, real-time interaction, and accurate 3D registration of virtual and real objects. The overlaid sensory information can be constructive (i.e. additive to the natural environment), or destructive (i.e. masking of the natural environment). This experience is seamlessly interwoven with the physical world such that it is perceived as an immersive aspect of the real environment. In this way, augmented reality alters one’s ongoing perception of a real-world environment, whereas virtual reality completely replaces the user’s real-world environment with a simulated one.
In terms of entrepreneurship:
AR (Augmented Reality) is an advanced technology that has the potential to change the way entrepreneurs interact with customers, solve customer problems and provide a unique customer experience. It is, however both new and resource-heavy. We acknowledge its potential to create immersive experiences, allowing businesses to offer customers a more personalized, engaging experience through digital content such as 3D models and animations, as well as delivering real-time information and providing an interactive and engaging platform for customers. In contrast, we see entrepreneurs not putting it into practice because the implementation of this technology requires a specific set of skills and access to resources that cost too much at the moment. In time, this might change.
In terms of community:
In the Maker community, AR is often used as a tool to enhance and augment the design and fabrication process. One application of AR in the Maker community is in the prototyping phase of a project. Using AR, makers can create virtual models of their designs and test them in a simulated environment before building a physical prototype. This can help to save time and resources by identifying potential design flaws or areas for improvement before the physical prototyping process begins. AR can also be used to enhance the fabrication process itself. For example, Makers can use AR to project digital templates onto physical materials, allowing them to accurately cut, drill, or shape the material to the desired specifications. This can help to improve accuracy and reduce waste in the fabrication process.
Generic Definition:
Artificial intelligence (AI) is intelligence—perceiving, synthesizing, and inferring information—demonstrated by machines, as opposed to intelligence displayed by non-human animals and humans. Examples of tasks in which this is done include speech recognition, computer vision, and translation between (natural) languages, as well as other mappings of inputs. AI applications include advanced web search engines (e.g., Google Search), recommendation systems (used by YouTube, Amazon, and Netflix), understanding human speech (such as Siri and Alexa), self-driving cars (e.g., Waymo), generative or creative tools (ChatGPT and AI art), automated decision-making, and competing at the highest level in strategic game systems (such as chess and Go).
In terms of entrepreneurship:
AI (Artificial Intelligence) is increasingly being used in entrepreneurship to enhance decision-making, improve customer engagement, and increase efficiency. Entrepreneurs are using AI in various ways such as automating tasks, analyzing data, and providing personalized recommendations to customers. For instance, AI-powered chatbots can interact with customers, provide support and answer their queries in real-time, thus improving customer engagement. AI algorithms can also help entrepreneurs to identify patterns and insights from large volumes of data, enabling them to make informed decisions.
In terms of community:
One application of AI in the maker community is in the development of smart devices and systems. Makers can use AI to create devices that can learn and adapt to their environments, such as home automation systems that can automatically adjust lighting and temperature based on user preferences and occupancy patterns. Another application of AI in the Maker community is in the development of autonomous robots and drones. By using AI algorithms to control the behavior of these machines, Makers can create devices that can navigate and interact with their environment in new and innovative ways.
Generic Definition:
A printed circuit board (PCB; also printed wiring board or PWB) is a medium used in electrical and electronic engineering to connect electronic components to one another in a controlled manner.
In terms of entrepreneurship:
Circuit boards are an important component of many modern entrepreneurial ventures, from advanced startups to small cottage industries. These circuit boards are used in many things, like wiring, robots, communication systems, art installations, DIY equipment, and more, and they are crucial to the successful operations of entrepreneurs. In the Maker world, boards are not a line of business in itself, but rather a way to learn and a tool for innovation in business ventures. Arduino boards are a very popular brand to use to start prototyping projects, but for final projects or series of products, custom boards are usually a better choice. Similar to Arduino, makeymakey, raspberry pi, and micro:bit are also popular brands amongst Makers.
In terms of community:
Printed circuit boards (PCBs), are a fundamental component in the Maker community. PCBs are used to create circuits that can be used to power electronic devices, ranging from simple LED flashlights to complex robots. PCB design and fabrication is an important skill in the Maker community, as it allows makers to create custom circuits that meet their specific needs. Makers can use computer-aided design (CAD) software to create circuit schematics, and then use PCB layout software to design the physical layout of the board.
Generic Definition:
Biodegradation is the breakdown of organic matter by microorganisms, such as bacteria and fungi. It is generally assumed to be a natural process, which differentiates it from composting. Composting is a human-driven process in which biodegradation occurs under a specific set of circumstances. The process of biodegradation is threefold: first an object undergoes biodeterioration, which is the mechanical weakening of its structure; then follows biofragmentation, which is the breakdown of materials by microorganisms; and finally assimilation, which is the incorporation of the old material into new cells. In practice, almost all chemical compounds and materials are subject to biodegradation, the key element being time. Things like vegetables may degrade within days, while glass and some plastics take many millennia to decompose. A standard for biodegradability used by the European Union is that greater than 90% of the original material must be converted into CO2, water and minerals by biological processes within 6 months.
In terms of entrepreneurship:
In the context of entrepreneurship, biodegradation can be used to assess and reduce environmental risks. For instance, biodegradable plastics and resins can be used as an alternative to their conventional, non-degradable counterparts. As we’re moving from the expectation that a thing, once made, needs to last a lifetime to shorter and shorter life cycles, the issue of what happens to the things we throw away comes up more and more often. One option is making as much as possible of the objects we produce biodegradable, and accepting the fact that they might just degrade before we’re ready to part with them. This may also mean making sure that the treatments applied to certain materials such as paper or wood assure their level of biodegradation and don’t stunt the process. Unfortunately, sometimes an antrepreneur has to choose between something making money and sustainability. This is perhaps a matter of perspective and will change as more and more businesses put sustainability on the same level as proffits.
In terms of community:
Makers are exploring various materials and techniques to create biodegradable products, including bioplastics made from natural materials like corn starch or cellulose, and biodegradable fabrics made from materials like bamboo or hemp. These materials can be used to create a wide range of products, from packaging and single-use items like cutlery and straws, to clothing and other textiles. In addition to creating biodegradable products, makers are also exploring ways to incorporate biodegradation into their production processes. For example, some Makers are experimenting with using natural dyes that can be easily broken down by microorganisms, reducing the environmental impact of dyeing fabrics.
Generic Definition:
Bioplastics are an innovative type of plastic made from renewable, natural materials or biomass sources such as corn starch, potato starch, cellulose, sugar cane, cassava, vegetable oil, and more. In the maker community, there is a growing interest in bioplastics, as they allow companies to move away from traditional petrochemical-based plastics to create more sustainable and environmentally-friendly products
In terms of entrepreneurship:
Entrepreneurs can capitalize on this emerging industry by developing products and businesses to market and distribute bioplastics. By offering bioplastic selections, businesses can help reduce the global environmental footprint of plastic while also providing the customer with an innovative product. Additionally, entrepreneurs can join forces with research and technology groups to innovate and create new bioplastics. A burgeoning market for bioplastics provides an opportunity for entrepreneurs to revolutionize the plastic industry and make a positive global impact.
In terms of community:
Makers are experimenting with various types of bioplastics, including PLA (polylactic acid), PHA (polyhydroxyalkanoates), and PBS (polybutylene succinate). These bioplastics can be used to create a wide range of products, from packaging and single-use items like cutlery and straws, to 3D printing filaments and even car parts. One of the benefits of bioplastics is that they can be broken down by natural processes, unlike traditional plastics which can take hundreds of years to decompose. This makes bioplastics a more sustainable and environmentally-friendly option for products that are typically discarded after a single use.
Generic Definition:
A community is a social unit (a group of living things) with things in common such as place, norms, religion, values, customs, or identity. Communities may also share a sense of place situated in a given geographical area (e.g. a country, village, town, or neighbourhood) or in virtual spaces through communication platforms. Durable relationships that extend beyond immediate genealogical ties also define a sense of community that is important to members’ identity, practice, and roles in social institutions, including elements of family, home, work, government, society, or humanity at large. Although communities are usually small relative to personal social ties, “community” may also refer to large group affiliations such as national communities, international communities, and virtual communities. The English-language word “community” derives from the Old French comuneté (Modern French: communauté), which comes from the Latin communitas “community”, “public spirit” (from Latin communis, “common”). Human communities may have intent, belief, resources, preferences, needs, and risks in common, affecting the identity of the participants and their degree of cohesiveness.
In terms of entrepreneurship:
The Maker community is an incredibly vibrant and creative gathering of entrepreneurs, Makers, and tinkerers who are driven to explore the potential of new technologies and ideas to create innovative products and services. At the heart of the community are makerspaces – shared, communal spaces where Makers have access to tools, equipment, software, and experts to help them make their projects and products a reality. Inside these spaces, Makers are able to connect, collaborate, and learn from one another while also gaining access to funding, mentorship, and other resources. For many, the Maker community is the perfect platform for entrepreneurship and startups – providing an invaluable outlet for new ideas and innovations. Nod Makerspace is perhaps an unusual experience due to its strong focus on entrepreneurship, where the majority of its members have a business and earn money from what they make. Besides the sharing of resources, collaboration between the members is one of the biggest pluses you get from joining such a community
In terms of community:
In the Maker community, “community” refers to a group of people who share a common interest in creating and making things, and who come together to share knowledge, resources, and support. The Maker community is known for its collaborative and inclusive nature, with members often working together on projects, sharing ideas, and providing feedback and support to one another. Makerspaces and other community-based organizations are often at the center of the Maker community, providing a physical space for Makers to gather, work on projects, and learn from one another.
Generic Definition:
Numerical control (also known as computer numerical control and thus commonly called CNC) is the automated control of machining tools (such as drills, lathes, mills, grinders, routers and 3D printers) by means of a computer. A CNC machine processes a piece of material (metal, plastic, wood, ceramic, or composite) to meet specifications by following coded programmed instructions and without a manual operator directly controlling the machining operation.
In terms of entrepreneurship:
In Romania, CNC refers to CNC milling machines and not the general concept of Computer Numerical Control. CNC milling machines are very popular and afordable tools for Makers in the entrepreneurial world. Their ability to quickly and accurately cut and engrave parts can dramatically reduce the time-to-market of products and prototypes. Furthermore, the precision of CNC machining can ensure high repeatability and minimal trial-and-error associated with traditional handcrafting manufacturing processes. Although it is a basic type of machinery, it is widely spread throughout makerspaces and they really do make it quicker to go from idea to quick prototypes and iterations of products, meaning ideas can be tested and realized faster. Low cost and low maintenance are also pluses for this equipment. It does, however howl like a rabid animal and make a mess, so consider having a separate room for it, which might raise your space requirements.
In terms of community:
In the Maker community, CNC (Computer Numerical Control) machines are often used to automate and streamline the process of creating precise and intricate designs. CNC machines can be used to cut, shape, and carve a wide variety of materials, from wood and plastics to metals and composites. CNC machines are particularly popular in the field of digital fabrication, allowing makers to create complex and intricate designs that would be difficult or impossible to achieve by hand. They are also widely used in prototyping and product development, allowing makers to quickly create and test multiple iterations of a design.
Generic Definition:
Ceramics are any items made of clay and permanently hardened by heat.
In terms of entrepreneurship:
Ceramics, with its unique blend of artistry and functionality, perfectly embodies the merging of Making and entrepreneurship. Moreover, ceramics provide a deep connection to the past while fostering innovation and experimentation. Traditional methods and ancient techniques can be reimagined and combined with modern technology, giving rise to fresh forms and cutting-edge designs. This amalgamation of old and new underscores the Maker Culture’s philosophy of building upon existing knowledge to create something novel. Ceramics has been used by many entrepreneurial minds to make money: from making products (cups, plates, jewlery, home deco objects) to workshops that include the craft, to ue of large scale machines that 3D print in ceramics. In terms of making money, the downside to ceramics is that it’s expensive to scale. But here are some cool people who work in ceramics: https://www.instagram.com/piotr_wasniowski/ – using a 3D ceramics printer to make complex shapes https://www.instagram.com/p/CvNOaitoF9V/ – using 3D ceramics to build structures that plants can grow on https://www.instagram.com/modernmud_ceramics – a different approach: a maker that makes designer mugs using modern tools and aesthetics https://www.instagram.com/prattceramics – double walled ceramics made using a DIY device https://www.instagram.com/hammerlyceramics – ceramics made through a process that includes 3D modeling, 3D printing, mold making and sometimes cnc milling These are just a few examples of traditional ceramics mixed with modern technology and turned intro a business.
In terms of community:
In the Maker community, ceramics is a popular and versatile medium for creating art, functional objects, and even components for larger projects. Ceramics can be molded and shaped by hand or on a pottery wheel, and then fired in a kiln to create durable, long-lasting objects. One of the benefits of working with ceramics in the maker community is the accessibility of the medium. Ceramics can be created with minimal equipment and can be done at a variety of skill levels, making it an accessible medium for both experienced and novice Makers alike. Ceramics can also be a collaborative medium, with Makers often sharing resources and knowledge to help each other improve their techniques and create more complex and sophisticated pieces. In addition, Makers can collaborate with other Makers and artists from different disciplines, incorporating ceramics into larger projects that might include other materials and techniques.
Generic Definition:
Computer programming is the process of designing, writing, testing, and maintaining software code. Programming languages are used to create computer programs that can perform various tasks, such as processing data, solving complex problems, or controlling hardware devices.
In terms of entrepreneurship:
Computer programming in the maker world offers an exciting landscape for entrepreneurship, as it merges the power of coding with the creativity of hands-on making. In recent years, the maker movement has gained momentum, fostering a culture of innovation, collaboration, and DIY spirit. Everybody needs to have some kind of computer literacy nowadays, but for makers who embrace computer programming this can be the thing that sets them appart. This ability to bridge the digital and physical realms empowers them to address real-world problems with innovative technology. From smart home gadgets to wearable tech and educational tools, the possibilities are limitless. There is though an aspect of maker culture that we need to take into consideration and that is open source and the idea of sharing what we create with the community. Sometimes, computer programming is a tool, used to work with an Arduino (link to Arduino in the guide) or other equipment, the value in the result being held by the whole and not the parts.
In terms of community:
In the Maker community, computer programming is often used in conjunction with other Maker tools and technologies such as microcontrollers, sensors, and actuators. By integrating programming into their projects, Makers can create complex and sophisticated systems that can be controlled and monitored through software. Computer programming also allows Makers to share their projects with others through open-source platforms such as GitHub. This not only allows Makers to collaborate and learn from each other, but also makes their projects accessible to a wider audience, fostering innovation and creativity within the Maker community.
Generic Definition:
Custom design refers to the creation of unique, one-of-a-kind products or services that are tailored to meet the specific needs or preferences of an individual or organization.
In terms of entrepreneurship:
Custom design, when it comes to entrepreneurship, holds tremendous value in a world where individuality and personalization are highly sought after. Custom-designed products offer a unique and compelling proposition to customers. The Maker Movement, with its emphasis on creativity and hands-on craftsmanship, has become a fertile ground for entrepreneurs to capitalize on the growing demand for custom-made items. It is also a good business model to have given the fact that most makers cannot go the rout of mass production. Customly design things tend to be higher priced as well, so the maker would focus on producing a few objects sold at a higher price rather than many. See more examples at Ceramics, Carpentry
In terms of community:
Custom design in the Maker community refers to the practice of designing and creating unique, one-of-a-kind items that are tailored to the specific needs and preferences of the Maker or the intended recipient. It often involves using a variety of tools and techniques to bring the design to life, such as computer-aided design (CAD) software, 3D printers, laser cutters, and traditional hand tools. Custom design is an important aspect of the Maker community because it allows Makers to express their creativity and produce items that are not readily available in stores. It also allows for greater customization and personalization of products, which is becoming increasingly important in a world where consumers are looking for unique and personalized products.
Generic Definition:
A craftsman is a skilled artisan who works with their hands to create objects or structures using traditional techniques and materials. Craftsmanship involves a combination of technical skills, creativity, and attention to detail, and often involves a deep knowledge of the materials and tools used in the craft.
In terms of entrepreneurship:
From woodworking to metalworking, ceramics, leathercraft, and more, craftsmen bring a level of artistry and craftsmanship that sets their products apart in a market often dominated by mass-produced goods. (see custom design)
From an entrepreneurship perspective, craftsmen possess several key advantages: their handmade products reflect authenticity and individuality, appealing to consumers seeking to own one-of-a-kind pieces with a personal touch. This exclusivity not only attracts a loyal customer base but also allows craftsmen to command premium prices, creating a sustainable business model.
Entrepreneurial craftsmen often leverage the power of storytelling to connect with their customers. Sharing the journey behind each piece, from concept to creation, allows them to forge an emotional bond with buyers who value the human touch and the dedication poured into every item. This connection fosters brand loyalty and word-of-mouth marketing, which are crucial for their business growth.
In a world of e-commerce and social media, craftsmen can showcase their work to a global audience, transcending geographical boundaries and reaching potential customers far beyond their local market. Online marketplaces and platforms like Etsy, Instagram, and Pinterest provide a conducive environment for craftsmen to build their brand, expand their reach, and access valuable customer feedback. Some have even started making money from just showing how they create objects and not by selling the objects themselves: https://www.youtube.com/@jimmydiresta
In terms of community:
In the Maker community, a craftsman is someone who is skilled in making handcrafted items using traditional techniques and tools. They are often admired for their attention to detail, creativity, and ability to turn raw materials into unique and functional objects. Craftsmen are valued members of the Maker community, and their work is often showcased at Maker fairs and other community events. The Maker community provides a supportive environment for craftsmen to hone their skills, share their knowledge with others, and collaborate on projects.
Generic Definition:
Do-it-together (DIT) is similar to DIY culture, though with a focus on transforming the DIY ethos into a collaborative, collective process in which Makers and other like-minded individuals work together to go beyond online manuals and open access to knowledge, instead creating community by physically bringing people with similar interests together, thus creating new possibilities of mutual learning experiences. People from all ages, backgrounds and nationalities meet up to share their knowledge with others – not motivated by money or competition, but by the rich exchange of knowledge, the new insights and experiences, and, last but not at all least, the social networks and community arising around it.
In terms of entrepreneurship:
Maker-entrepreneurs who work in makerspaces (and also some individual Makers!) make good use of the DIT principle. This is a key part of belonging to and participating in a makerspace, since most Makers are keen to share their experiences and learn new things from other Makers. This not only enriches the personal experience of making, but also the entrepreneurial experience, as it offers an easy and informal way to engage in the benchmarking process. In this way, Makers do not compete, but rather learn from each other and take away the experiences that help them improve their processes and products.Wearables are a good example of what happens when you combine textiles with tech and even though it is a niece market, it is one to tap into non the less. CAD software, 3D printing, and CNC machines allow for precision and scalability, streamlining operations. Online marketplaces and social media enable global reach, showcasing craftsmanship to a vast audience. Digital tools also facilitate customer engagement, feedback, and personalized experiences.
In terms of community:
DIT involves a collaborative and inclusive approach to problem-solving and community development that emphasizes shared responsibility, mutual respect, and collective action. It recognizes the importance of working together to address shared challenges, and can have a range of benefits for both the Maker community and society in general.
Generic Definition:
Culture refers to the shared beliefs, values, customs, behaviors, and artifacts that characterize a group or society. Culture shapes the way people think, communicate, and interact with each other, and includes everything from language and religion to art and music.
In terms of entrepreneurship:
Culture in the maker world is a dynamic fusion of creativity, collaboration, and craftsmanship. It encompasses a community-driven ethos where entrepreneurs embrace diversity, share knowledge, and encourage innovation. The maker culture celebrates authenticity, sustainable practices, and the revival of traditional crafts in a modern context. This cultural environment fuels entrepreneurial growth, allowing makers to connect with like-minded individuals, access global markets, and create meaningful, unique products. It fosters a spirit of continuous learning and adaptation, empowering makers to thrive in a rapidly evolving landscape, while staying true to their artisanal roots.
In terms of community:
In the Maker community, culture refers to the shared values, beliefs, customs, and practices that define the community and shape the way its members interact with one another. The Maker culture emphasizes creativity, innovation, and DIY (do-it-yourself) projects. Members of the Maker community value learning, sharing, and collaboration, and they often work together to develop new technologies, products, and solutions. The culture of the Maker community is characterized by a spirit of experimentation, a willingness to take risks and try new things, and a commitment to making things with your own hands. Maker culture encourages everyone to participate and contribute, regardless of their level of expertise or experience.
Generic Definition:
Clamps are tools used to hold objects securely in place during construction, woodworking, or other activities that require precision and stability. There are many different types of clamps, including C-clamps, bar clamps, pipe clamps, and spring clamps, each designed for a specific purpose.
In terms of entrepreneurship:
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In terms of community:
In the Maker community, clamps are an essential tool for holding materials in place while working on a project. Clamps come in various sizes and styles and can be used to hold materials together while gluing, drilling, sawing, or sanding. They can also be used to secure materials to a workbench or table. Clamps are a valuable tool in the Maker community, allowing Makers to work with precision and accuracy and to create high-quality, professional-looking projects.
Generic Definition:
Critical making is an approach to design and fabrication that combines hands-on making with critical thinking and reflection. This approach emphasizes the importance of experimentation, collaboration, and iterative design processes, and encourages designers and Makers to question their assumptions and challenge the status quo.
In terms of entrepreneurship:
Critical making can facilitate collaboration and partnerships between different stakeholders, enabling them to identify shared goals and work together effectively.
In terms of community:
Critical making emphasizes the importance of understanding the ethical and social implications of the things we create, as well as the power dynamics inherent in the process of making. This approach to making encourages Makers to think beyond the technical aspects of a project and to consider the broader implications of their work in society.
Generic Definition:
Code refers to the language or set of instructions used to create computer programs, websites, and other digital products. Programming languages such as Java, Python, and C++ are used to write code that can be compiled or interpreted into machine-readable instructions that can be executed by a computer.
In terms of entrepreneurship:
Coding is an essential skill for entrepreneurs who want to build and grow successful businesses. By using coding skills, entrepreneurs can develop innovative solutions, increase efficiency, and stay competitive in their respective industries.
See computer programming
In terms of community:
Code is an important aspect of the Maker community, as it provides a way to control and program various tools and devices. Many Makers use code to automate tasks, create interactive installations, or control robots and other devices. Code can be written in a variety of programming languages, such as Python, C++, or JavaScript, and can be used with a range of hardware platforms, including microcontrollers like Arduino or Raspberry Pi. In the Maker community, there is often an emphasis on open-source code, which means that code is freely available for others to modify, use, and share. This encourages collaboration and innovation within the community, as Makers can build on each other’s work and create new projects and applications. Additionally, the act of coding itself can be seen as a form of making, as it involves the creative process of designing, testing, and refining software solutions to solve specific problems or achieve certain goals.
Generic Definition:
CAD (Computer-Aided Design) is a software tool used by architects, engineers, and designers to create 2D and 3D models of objects and structures. CAD software allows users to visualize and manipulate designs in real time, and can be used to create detailed plans, blueprints, and schematics for construction or manufacturing.
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CAD can be a valuable tool for Makers looking to design and prototype products quickly and efficiently, collaborate with others, and innovate in their respective industries.
When we’re talking about building a business, many makers take the rout of open source first, meaning they start with software that does not require payment. This is why the maker community is so important, beacause for some, being able to use open source software to generate a profit can make the difference between turning a profit and not.
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CAD software is particularly useful for creating complex designs that would be difficult or time-consuming to create by hand. Once the design is complete, makers can export it to a variety of formats for use in other applications, such as 3D printing or CNC machining. CAD has revolutionized the way that Makers approach design and has opened up new possibilities for creating innovative and intricate projects.
Generic Definition:
CAM (Computer-Aided Manufacturing) is a software tool used to control and automate manufacturing processes.
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CAM can be a valuable tool for makers looking to streamline their manufacturing processes, reduce costs, and offer unique and customized products to their customers.
Similarly to CAD, open source software is a very important asset while starting a business.
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CAM takes a digital design created in CAD software and converts it into instructions that can be read by CNC (Computer Numerical Control) machines, 3D printers, laser cutters, and other digital fabrication tools. CAM software generates tool paths, which specify the movements that the machine will make to produce the object. This process allows Makers to create complex shapes and geometries with high accuracy and precision. CAM is an essential tool for many Makers who work with digital fabrication, such as artists, engineers, and designers.
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Circular economy (also referred to as circularity and CE) is a model of production and consumption, which involves sharing, leasing, reusing, repairing, refurbishing and recycling existing materials and products as long as possible.
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Circular business models can be defined as business models that are closing, narrowing, slowing, intensifying, and dematerializing loops, to minimize the resource inputs into and the waste and emission leakage out of the organizational system, emphasizeing sustainable practices and minimizing waste throughout the production process. Entrepreneurs embrace circular design principles, such as using recycled materials, upcycling, and promoting product longevity.
Ideally they prioritize repairability and recycling to ensure products have a minimal environmental impact. Circular practices also foster customer engagement, as consumers are increasingly drawn to eco-conscious products. By adopting circularity, makers create a positive environmental footprint, enhance brand reputation, and tap into a growing market of conscious consumers who value ethical and sustainable choices.
Working in makerspaces is a great example of circularity where, through collaboration and sharing of equipment, makers can keep production in house, unse leftover materials and collaborate with other makers to complete a project.
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Communities of Makers often opt to engage in this process in order to reduce waste, share materials among those who need them, improve the sustainability of the makerspaces and communities, and increase the possibilities for all Makers in the community, particularly those without access to certain materials.
Generic Definition:
The action or process of working together to the same end.
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Cooperation is a cornerstone of success, for society in general but especially within the maker world. Maker entrepreneurs embrace collaboration and community-building, working together to share knowledge, resources, and support. Cooperation enables makers to access diverse skills, expand their creativity, and tackle complex projects collectively. Through partnerships and networks, makers can reach broader markets and gain exposure to new opportunities. Cooperation also fosters a culture of innovation, inspiring entrepreneurs to push boundaries and create transformative solutions. In the maker world, fostering a spirit of cooperation leads to a stronger ecosystem, driving entrepreneurial growth and enhancing the overall impact of their endeavors.
Also see: circularity, carpentry
Ideally they prioritize repairability and recycling to ensure products have a minimal environmental impact. Circular practices also foster customer engagement, as consumers are increasingly drawn to eco-conscious products. By adopting circularity, makers create a positive environmental footprint, enhance brand reputation, and tap into a growing market of conscious consumers who value ethical and sustainable choices.
Working in makerspaces is a great example of circularity where, through collaboration and sharing of equipment, makers can keep production in house, unse leftover materials and collaborate with other makers to complete a project.
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Cooperation in the maker world is deeply rooted in the spirit of community, creating a powerful force that drives positive change. Makers come together in collaborative environments, sharing resources, knowledge, and skills to collectively address challenges and foster innovation. This sense of community promotes inclusivity and diversity, reflecting the principles of SDG 10 (Reduced Inequalities) by creating opportunities for people from all backgrounds to participate and contribute.
Within the maker community, cooperation nurtures a culture of open-source sharing, empowering individuals worldwide to access valuable information, tools, and techniques, supporting SDG 4 (Quality Education) by democratizing learning. This collective effort also contributes to SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities) by fostering local initiatives that cater to specific community needs, promoting bottom-up solutions.
Through cooperation, makers exemplify the essence of SDG 17 (Partnerships for the Goals), creating networks that transcend borders and unite people in pursuit of shared objectives, ultimately building a more sustainable, equitable, and interconnected world.
Generic Definition:
Co-design is an approach to design that uses creative and participatory methods for designing objects or processes, or finding solutions to problems. It attempts to involve all stakeholders actively (e.g., employees, partners, customers, citizens, end users, etc.) in the design process to help ensure the result meets their needs and is usable. Thus, there is no one-size-fits-all approach. Instead, there are patterns and principles that can be applied in different ways with different people.
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The co-design methodology is used to develop products in a wide variety of fields, including software design, urban design, architecture, landscape architecture, product design, sustainability, graphic design, planning, and health services development. Entrepreneurs use this methodology to create products and environments that are more responsive and appropriate to their inhabitants’ and users’ cultural, emotional, spiritual, and practical needs, thus offering their clients well-tailored products and environments.
Also see: cooperation
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In the context of the Maker community, codesign refers to a collaborative design process that involves community members in the creation of solutions to address their needs and challenges. It is a participatory approach to problem-solving that aims to empower communities and promote their ownership of the solutions that are developed. It is also one way to approach the concept and act of placemaking.
Codesign involves engaging community members in all aspects of the design process, from identifying the problem to generating ideas, prototyping solutions, and testing and refining them. It requires creating spaces for dialogue and collaboration, and ensuring that all voices are heard and valued.
Generic Definition:
A design is a plan or specification for the construction of an object or system, the implementation of an activity or process, or the result of that plan or specification in the form of a prototype, product, or process. The verb to design expresses the process of developing a design. In some cases, the direct construction of an object without an explicit prior plan (such as in craftwork, some engineering, coding, and graphic design cases) may also be considered to be a design activity. The design usually has to satisfy certain goals and constraints. It may take into account aesthetic, functional, economic, or socio-political considerations, and is expected to interact with a certain environment.
In terms of entrepreneurship:
Most, if not all, entrepreneurs use design in their making activities, since almost every project, prototype, item, etc. needs to be designed in order to be carried out later. This is true for nearly all of the different ways we define design– planning for structure or implementation of a project, planning for the construction of an object, and the process of developing the idea/ plan beforehand. Each Maker’s relationship with design is different, depending on their needs, background, and contexts, but entrepreneur Makers have a specfic relationship with design, since they are working to make items or projects that are functional, attractive, and, in the end, able to be sold to buyers or users.Also see: cooperation
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Design in terms of community refers to a process of creating products, services, or solutions that are tailored to the needs and aspirations of a particular community. It involves a collaborative approach that engages community members in all stages of the design process, from ideation and prototyping to implementation and evaluation. It also recognizes that communities have unique cultures, values, and perspectives that shape their needs and preferences. Therefore, it emphasizes the importance of involving community members in the design process to ensure that the solutions developed are appropriate and relevant to their contexts.
Codesign involves engaging community members in all aspects of the design process, from identifying the problem to generating ideas, prototyping solutions, and testing and refining them. It requires creating spaces for dialogue and collaboration, and ensuring that all voices are heard and valued.
Generic Definition:
“Digital” is a word that describes electronic technology that generates, stores, and processes data in terms of two states: positive and non-positive. Positive is expressed or represented by the number 1 and non-positive by the number 0. Thus, data transmitted or stored with digital technology is expressed as a string of 0’s and 1’s (binary code). In the Maker world, “digital” also refers to the creation of objects or processes using electronic technology, as opposed to manual or analogue techniques.
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Digital entrepreneurship is more and more present in (and central to) our contemporary world. In the last decades, the growth of the internet and online marketing has made selling products through digital channels possible for nearly all types of Makers. The same is true for Makers who want to promote their products through digital platforms like websites, social media sites, etc. At the same time, many Maker entrepreneurs also involve digital aspects in both their products and their processes.
CAD software, 3D printing, and CNC machines allow for precision and scalability, streamlining operations. Online marketplaces and social media enable global reach, showcasing craftsmanship to a vast audience. Digital tools also facilitate customer engagement, feedback, and personalized experiences.
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Digital technologies and platforms may be used to support and enhance community engagement, collaboration, and participation in Maker communities. This involves leveraging digital tools and platforms to facilitate communication, information-sharing, and coordination among community members, as well as to enable greater access to resources and services.
Digital technologies and platforms can take many forms in the context of community, including social media, online forums, mobile applications, and other digital tools. These technologies can enable community members to connect with one another, share ideas and resources, and collaborate on projects and initiatives.
Codesign involves engaging community members in all aspects of the design process, from identifying the problem to generating ideas, prototyping solutions, and testing and refining them. It requires creating spaces for dialogue and collaboration, and ensuring that all voices are heard and valued.
Generic Definition:
A dressmaker, also known as a seamstress, is a person who makes clothing for women, such as dresses, blouses, and evening gowns. Dressmakers were historically known as mantua-makers, and are also known as a modiste or fabrician.
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In the Maker world, dressmakers (or other types of fashion designers) often design and make clothing with the object of selling these products. This often creates a very different type of product than that of “fast fashion” clothing, and might be more experimental or use unconventional techniques or combinations of materials.
Wearables are a good example of what happens when you combine textiles with tech and even though it is a niece market, it is one to tap into non the less. CAD software, 3D printing, and CNC machines allow for precision and scalability, streamlining operations. Online marketplaces and social media enable global reach, showcasing craftsmanship to a vast audience. Digital tools also facilitate customer engagement, feedback, and personalized experiences.
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Historically, a dressmaker is an important contributor to the social, cultural, and economic development of a community. The same can be true in modern Maker communities. By creating clothing and textile products that reflect the community’s values and preferences, they can contribute to the preservation and promotion of cultural heritage, and support the livelihoods of local artisans and suppliers, as well as pursing the goals of increasing sustainability through new materials or methods of production.
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“Do it yourself” (“DIY”) culture is the method of building, modifying, or repairing things by oneself without the direct aid of professionals or certified experts. The term “do-it-yourself” has been associated with consumers since at least 1912, primarily in the domain of home improvement and maintenance activities and various other small craft and construction projects, as both a creative-recreational and cost-saving activity.
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DIY culture is often a key aspect of making, especially for Maker-entrepreneurs. Working on “self-made” concepts and products, recycling or reusing materials, and sharing different ideas, techniques, and designs with other Makers is an important part of what sets Maker-entrepreneurs apart from artisans or other craftspersons. Instead of reproducing items following a set technique, they are able to innovate, experiment, adapt, and problem-solve using this approach. This often makes for unique finished projects.
DIY is also a good way to bond with the object which will gain more value in the eye of the user. Things one makes themselves, using their hands, makes the client or user value an object since they themselves invested time in making it.
DIY kits – are a gateway to making and can be used as a tool for teaching, as Eematico (a Nod based business) can show: https://toys.eematico.org/ (for them DIY is a process for learning, and the kits they design and sell focus on stem activities for children)
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The term DIY has taken on a broader meaning that covers a wide range of skill sets in the Maker community. DIY has been described as a “self-made-culture”; one of designing, creating, customizing and repairing items or things without any special training. DIY has grown to become a social concept with people sharing ideas, designs, techniques, methods and finished projects with one another, either online or in person.
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Jewellery (Commonwealth English) or jewelry (American English) consists of decorative items worn for personal adornment, such as brooches, rings, necklaces, earrings, pendants, bracelets, and cufflinks. Jewellery may be attached to the body or the clothes. From a western perspective, the term is restricted to durable ornaments, excluding flowers, for example. For many centuries metals such as gold or silver have often been combined with gemstones.These have been the the most common materials used for making jewellery, although other materials such as glass, shells and other plant materials may also be used.
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Many Maker entrepreneurs dedicate their making to the creation of jewellery, both in the traditional sense (of creating using a combination of metals and precious gemstones) and in an experimental or innovative sense, where they can use a large variety of materials to innovate both the materials and the forms that jewellery takes. For instance, a Maker might create pendant necklaces out of cement, a material not traditionally used for jewellery, or another Maker might experiment with biomaterials to create a new kind of adornment.
Here are a few examples of makes making unconventional jewlery:
https://www.instagram.com/taninjewelry/ (making jewlery out of leftover wood from other projects)
https://www.idz.ro/rjw/ (architect turned jewlery maker, Dana 3d prints jewlery and then casts then in different precious metals)
https://www.instagram.com/studio16.store/ (creating jewlery out of concrete)
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Jewellery is one of the oldest types of archaeological artefact. The basic forms of jewellery vary between cultures but are often extremely long-lived. In most cultures jewellery can be understood as a status symbol, for its material properties, its patterns, or for meaningful symbols. As a result, jewellery is an important part of cultures and many Makers dedicate their craft to making culture-specific or innovative new types of jewellery, using making to push the boundaries of what jewellery can be.
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A kiln is an oven for firing, drying, baking, hardening, or burning a substance, particularly clay products, though also originally grain and meal. The brick kiln was a major advance in ancient technology because it provided a stronger brick than the primitive sun-dried product. Modern kilns are used in ceramics to fire clay and porcelain objects, in metallurgy for roasting iron ores, for burning lime and dolomite, and in making cement. They may be lined with firebrick or constructed entirely of heat-resistant alloys. There are two types of kilns: those in which the materials come into contact with the flames and those in which the furnace is underneath or surrounding the heated enclosure. Lime kilns are of the first group, and brick and pottery kilns are of the second, which also includes places for drying such materials as hops.
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Kilns are an important tool for Makers interested in ceramics or glasswork. They provide a means for individuals to create custom, one-of-a-kind objects that can be used for personal enjoyment or even sold as part of a small business.
Kilns are pretty expensive though, so what usually happens is they are shared goods, used by more than one person. Sometimes, lawning kiln time and expertise is a was of suplimenting income.
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Kilns are also a fundamental tool for many ceramics shops, where Makers have long worked together in community in order to make the best use of their resources, share ideas, and inspire each others’ creations.
Generic Definition:
In geometry, the Y-axis is the vertical axis on a Cartesian coordinate plane. It is perpendicular to the X-axis and intersects it at the origin (0,0). The Y-axis is used to measure and plot values along the vertical direction, with positive values above the origin and negative values below it.
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The Y-axis can also represent the level of ambition or risk that an entrepreneur is willing to take on, with a higher Y-axis indicating a greater willingness to take bold steps and pursue high-growth opportunities.
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In the Maker community, the y-axis refers to the vertical axis in a Cartesian coordinate system. It is one of the two perpendicular axes used to specify the position of a point, along with the x-axis, which is horizontal. These axes are commonly used in maker activities such as 3D printing, laser cutting, and CNC milling, where precise positioning is important.
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In the Maker community, technology refers to the various tools, machines, and software used to create, design, and build projects. This includes everything from traditional hand tools to computer-aided design (CAD) software, 3D printers, and microcontrollers. Technology is seen as a critical aspect of the Maker movement, as it enables Makers to bring their ideas to life in new and exciting ways, often pushing the boundaries of what is possible. Additionally, many Makers are also interested in exploring how technology can be used in innovative ways to address societal challenges and create positive change.
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Many Makers create unique, handcrafted items that they sell through online marketplaces or in-person at craft fairs or Maker events. Selling products can be a way for Makers to earn income from their hobbies or small businesses, and can also help to support the wider Maker community by promoting the value of handmade goods and creative expression.
One of the primary ways that Makers share is through open source hardware and software. This means that Makers freely share the designs and code for their projects, allowing others to learn from and build upon their work. This approach to sharing has led to a culture of collaboration and innovation within the Maker community, as Makers are encouraged to build on the work of others and share their own contributions.
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Screen printing is versatile and can be used to print on a wide range of materials, including paper, fabric, and plastics. It is often used for printing t-shirts, posters, and other types of promotional or artistic materials. Many Makers enjoy screen printing because it allows them to create custom designs and produce their own unique products.
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The Maker community can contribute to achieving these goals by creating sustainable solutions to global challenges, such as developing renewable energy technologies, creating products with recycled materials, and using open-source designs to reduce waste and increase access to affordable technology.
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Sewing machines are often found in makerspaces and are used for both functional and creative purposes. Sewing is also a valuable skill for upcycling and repurposing textiles, reducing waste and promoting sustainability. Additionally, sewing can be used to teach problem-solving skills and encourage creativity and self-expression.
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In the Maker community, symbiosis refers to the mutually beneficial relationship between individuals or groups who collaborate and share resources to achieve common goals. This could include makerspaces that provide access to tools and equipment, while members contribute their time and expertise to help maintain the space and offer workshops and events. It could also involve Makers who collaborate on projects, sharing knowledge, skills, and resources to create something greater than they could on their own.
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In the Maker community, a saw is a tool commonly used for cutting wood, metal, and other materials. There are various types of saws used, such as hand saws, circular saws, band saws, scroll saws, and more. Saws are essential tools for Makers who work with wood or other materials that require cutting, shaping, or trimming.
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It is an educational approach that emphasizes the integration of these five disciplines in order to provide students with a well-rounded education that reflects real-world applications. In the Maker community, STEAM is often used as a framework for designing and creating projects that incorporate elements of science, technology, engineering, arts, and mathematics.
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Security in the Maker community refers to ensuring the safety and well-being of individuals involved in the making process, as well as protecting the intellectual property and physical assets of the makerspace. This includes implementing proper safety protocols and guidelines for working with tools and equipment, securing the premises from theft or damage, and safeguarding any proprietary or confidential information related to projects being developed in the community.
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3D scanning is an important tool in the Maker community, as it allows Makers to create digital models of physical objects. This can be useful in a variety of ways, such as replicating existing objects or creating custom-fit parts for a larger project. There are several types of 3D scanners available to makers, ranging from handheld devices to more advanced stationary scanners.
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In the Maker community, textile refers to the art and craft of creating fabrics and materials using various techniques such as weaving, knitting, crocheting, dyeing, and printing. Textile-making is an important aspect of the Maker movement, as it involves the use of both traditional and modern tools and technologies to create unique and innovative fabrics and materials. Some Maker spaces and labs have equipment such as looms, sewing machines, embroidery machines, and dye sublimation printers to facilitate textile-making.
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Teaching is an important aspect of the Maker community. In a Maker environment, teaching typically involves hands-on, project-based learning, where individuals are encouraged to experiment, take risks, and learn from their mistakes. Makers often teach others by sharing their knowledge, skills, and experiences through workshops, classes, online tutorials, and other forms of instruction. Many Makers also participate in mentorship programs, where they provide guidance and support to less experienced Makers who are just starting out.
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In the Maker community, “tools” refers to any equipment or instrument that is used to create or make something. This can include both traditional hand tools, such as hammers and saws, and more advanced tools, such as 3D printers and laser cutters. The Maker community is known for its focus on using tools in creative ways, often repurposing or modifying existing tools to suit their needs. Many Makers also create their own custom tools using 3D printing, CNC milling, or other techniques, in order to achieve specific results in their projects.
Generic Definition:
In the Maker world, unmounting refers to the action of making a disk or disk drive no longer available for use on a computer, or to the process of removing a component or tool from a larger project or system. For example, if someone is working on a 3D printing project and needs to replace a damaged extruder, they may need to “unmount” the damaged extruder from the printer before they can replace it with a new one. At the same time, it can also refer to the physical process of removing or unfixing an object from a backing or support. Thus, it can be used to refer to both physical actions and a more symbolic interpretation of this action in the digital world.
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Entrepreneurs in the Maker world certainly deal with one or both aspects of ‘unmounting’, depending on whether they work specifically with computers and technology-based processes, or whether they produce physical products.
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In the Maker community, both conceptions of the term may apply, since oftentimes the work Makers do in this area can be collaborative and/or benefit from the input of multiple members of the community working together.
Generic Definition:
Sharing is the joint use of a resource or space. It is also the process of dividing and distributing these resources or spaces. In its narrow sense, it refers to joint or alternating use of inherently finite goods, such as a common pasture or a shared residence. Still more loosely, “sharing” can actually mean giving something as an outright gift: for example, to “share” one’s food really means to give some of it as a gift. Sharing is a basic component of human interaction, and is responsible for strengthening social ties and ensuring a person’s well-being.
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Sharing time, expertise, resources, and physical making spaces with other Makers is a key element of success for Maker-entrepreneurs. Although each Maker may create their own products, the ethos of working together and in a community contributes to greater overall opportunities for each Maker and a higher probability of improving and innovating their products.
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Sharing is a fundamental concept of the Maker community, and it encompasses many different aspects of the movement. At its core, sharing in the Maker community is about open communication, collaboration, and the free exchange of ideas and knowledge.
One of the primary ways that Makers share is through open source hardware and software. This means that Makers freely share the designs and code for their projects, allowing others to learn from and build upon their work. This approach to sharing has led to a culture of collaboration and innovation within the Maker community, as Makers are encouraged to build on the work of others and share their own contributions.
Generic Definition:
Unity is a popular game engine that can also be used in the Maker community for creating interactive experiences, simulations, and virtual reality environments. With Unity, Makers can build and prototype 3D models, design interactive interfaces, program logic and behavior, and create immersive experiences that can be deployed across a variety of platforms.
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Unity’s multiple uses make it an optimal tool for entrepreneurs from different fields to carry out their Maker activities, particularly those relating to technological proceses, virtual reality, or the prototyping of both physical items and digital interfaces.
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Unity’s use as an educational tool is particularly relevant to the community aspect of the Maker world, since it can be helpful not only for developing prototypes and sharing knowledge within the community, but also for teaching young people (and Makers of all ages) the basics of programming and game design.
Generic Definition:
In the context of the Maker community, the term “void” generally refers to an empty or vacant space within a material or object. It is a negative space or absence that can be naturally occurring or intentionally created. The concept of void is often explored in various creative processes, such as sculpture, architecture, and design.
In terms of design and aesthetics, the presence of voids can add visual interest, balance, and complexity to a piece. Voids can be deliberately incorporated to create intricate patterns, negative shapes, or to enhance the overall composition of a design.
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The use or incorporation of voids in Maker activities is not a key aspect of Maker entrepreneurship, but may indeed be related to the topic since many projects and products carried out by Maker entrepreneurs may feature the presence of voids for aesthetic or functional reasons.
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In the Maker community, “void” is often used in reference to a negative space or absence of material. This can be seen in various making practices such as sculpture, 3D printing, and woodworking. For example, a woodworker may use a router to create a void or negative space in a piece of wood, while a 3D printer may use support structures to create voids or negative spaces within a printed object. The concept of void can also be explored in more abstract or conceptual ways within the Maker community.
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Vacuum forming is a type of thermoforming, a manufacturing method used to shape plastic materials. During the vacuum forming process, a sheet of plastic is heated to become pliable and then pulled around a single mold using suction, before being trimmed to create a final part or product. Vacuum forming is the simplest type of plastic thermoforming, that uses one mold and vacuum pressure to obtain the desired part geometry. It is ideal for parts that only need to be precisely formed on one side, such as contoured packaging for food or electronics. It is used for a wide range of manufacturing applications, ranging from small custom parts produced on desktop devices to large parts manufactured on automated industrial machinery.
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Many manufacturers, designers, and other professionals choose vacuum forming because it offers a blend of design flexibility at a relatively low cost compared to other manufacturing methods. The benefits of vacuum forming for some entrepreneurs include its affordability, reduced turnaround time in production, the flexibility it offers to test new designs and prototypes quickly and without large costs, and the ability to manufacture sterile or food-grade materials for packaging products.
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Within the Maker community, the process of vacuum forming is not extremely central to community-building, though it can be a process learned and shared between members of a makerspace or community.
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Virtual reality (VR) is a simulated experience that employs pose tracking and 3D near-eye displays to give the user an immersive feel of a virtual world. Applications of virtual reality include entertainment (particularly video games), education (such as medical or military training) and business (such as virtual meetings). Other distinct types of VR-style technology include augmented reality and mixed reality, sometimes referred to as extended reality or XR, although definitions are currently changing due to the industry being in its early stages. Currently, standard virtual reality systems use either virtual reality headsets or multi-projected environments to generate some realistic images, sounds and other sensations that simulate a user’s physical presence in a virtual environment. A person using virtual reality equipment is able to look around the artificial world, move around in it, and interact with virtual features or items. The effect is commonly created by VR headsets consisting of a head-mounted display with a small screen in front of the eyes, but can also be created through specially designed rooms with multiple large screens. Virtual reality typically incorporates auditory and video feedback, but may also allow other types of sensory and force feedback through haptic technology.
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VR has applications in many fields, including entertainment, medicine, engineering, education, the art world, and many more. It is even quickly becoming an alternative channel for digital marketing. As a result of its growing ubiquity and range of uses, VR can be very useful for entrepreneurs and Makers in developing attractive and immersive experiences, products, and marketing campaigns in almost any field, thus augmenting Makers’ activities with new digital competencies and keeping their work at the cutting-edge of technological advances.
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Makers can use VR tools to design and visualize their projects in a 3D space before creating physical prototypes. This can be especially useful for projects that involve complex assemblies or large structures. Additionally, Makers can create VR experiences as part of their projects to provide interactive and engaging ways for people to learn about their work. VR can also be used as a tool for remote collaboration, allowing Makers to work together on projects regardless of physical distance.
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A vinyl cutter is a machine for making signs, banners, advertisements, and other products such as apparel and reusable stencil art and lettering. A computer controls the movement of a sharp blade over the surface of the material as it would the nozzles of an ink-jet printer. This blade is used to cut out shapes and letters from sheets of thin self-adhesive plastic (vinyl). The vinyl can then be stuck to a variety of surfaces depending on the adhesive and type of material. To cut out a design, a vector-based image must be created using vector drawing software. The design is then sent to the cutter where it cuts along the vector paths laid out in the design. The cutter is capable of moving the blade on an X and Y axis over the material, cutting it into the required shapes. The vinyl material comes in long rolls allowing projects with significant length like banners or billboards to be easily cut, though it can only cut shapes from solid colours of vinyl, paper, card or thin plastic sheets, and designs with multiple colours must have each colour cut separately and then layered on top of each other rather than cutting all at once.
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Some vinyl cutters are marketed to small in-home businesses and may require the download and use of a proprietary editing software. Entrepreneurs in the Maker world tend to use open-source editing software, where possible, though they may also use paid software. The vinyl cutter can be an important tool for Makers to create both their products and any advertising materials needed to sell these products (especially signs, banners, and items of clothing or other merchandise for their small businesses).
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A vinyl cutter is a machine that is used in the Maker community to precisely cut vinyl sheets or other thin materials. It works by using a small blade to cut through the material, following a design or pattern that has been created on a computer using specialized software. Vinyl cutters are commonly used in the production of custom decals, stickers, signs, and other graphics-based projects. They are a popular tool in the Maker community because of their versatility and precision, and because they are relatively easy to use for both beginners and experienced Makers.
Generic Definition:
Wood is a natural, porous and fibrous structural tissue found in the stems and roots of trees and other woody plants. Wood is a widely used material for construction, furniture making, and other applications due to its strength, durability, and aesthetic appeal.
In terms of entrepreneurship:
Wood can be a versatile material for Maker entrepreneurship, as it can be used to create a wide range of products, from furniture and home decor to toys and musical instruments. Woodworking can be a profitable niche for Makers who specialize in creating high-quality, custom-made products that are eco-friendly and sustainable.
Woodworking can also be combined with other Maker skills, such as 3D printing and electronics, to create innovative products that have a unique blend of traditional craftsmanship and modern technology.
In terms of community:
In the Maker community, wood is a popular material used for various DIY projects, ranging from furniture and home decor to toys and art. Woodworking is a traditional craft that has been adopted by many Makers who enjoy the hands-on process of cutting, shaping, and joining wood to create unique and functional objects. Woodworking tools such as saws, drills, sanders, and chisels are commonly used in makerspaces, where members can access shared equipment and collaborate on projects. Some Makers also use computer-controlled tools like CNC routers to create more precise and intricate designs in wood.
In addition, woodworking can be a way to promote sustainability and support local communities. Makers can use locally-sourced wood and reclaimed materials to create their products, reducing the environmental impact of their work and supporting local economies. They can also use their skills to teach others how to work with wood, passing on valuable knowledge and helping to build a stronger Maker community.
Generic Definition:
Wool is a natural textile fiber that is obtained from the fleece of domesticated sheep or lambs. It is one of the most commonly used natural fibers in the textile industry and is valued for its softness, warmth, and durability. Wool fibers have unique properties that make them ideal for a wide range of applications, including clothing, blankets, carpets, and upholstery. Wool can also be blended with other fibers to create new materials with different properties.
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Entrepreneurs who work with wool may focus on sustainable and ethical sourcing and production practices, such as using natural dyes and minimizing waste. They may also develop innovative products and techniques for working with wool, such as creating wool-based fabrics that are both breathable and water-resistant.
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In the Maker community, wool is a popular material for crafting and creating textiles. It can be used for a variety of projects such as knitting, crocheting, felting, and weaving. Wool has many desirable properties that make it a popular choice for Makers, including its softness, warmth, durability, and natural insulating properties. Many Makers enjoy working with wool because it is a natural and sustainable material that can be sourced locally. Additionally, wool can be dyed in a variety of colors, allowing Makers to create unique and personalized projects.
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Welding is a fabrication process that joins materials, usually metals or thermoplastics, by heating them to their melting point and then allowing them to cool and fuse together. The welding process can be used to create a permanent bond between two pieces of metal or plastic, and is commonly used in manufacturing and construction applications. There are several different types of welding, including arc welding, gas welding, and resistance welding, each with their own unique advantages and applications.
In terms of entrepreneurship:
Welding is an important skill in the field of entrepreneurship, especially for those involved in manufacturing or repair work. Entrepreneurs who have experience and expertise in welding can use this skill to create and repair products, such as machinery, equipment, or even custom-made metal products, for their customers. They can also start businesses that specialize in welding services or even sell welding equipment to other businesses. Welding also has environmental and social implications, as it can be used to repair and extend the lifespan of equipment, reducing waste and promoting sustainability.
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Welding is an essential skill for many Makers who work with metal, such as blacksmiths, metalworkers, and sculptors. Welding can be done using different techniques such as stick welding, MIG welding, TIG welding, and flux-cored arc welding. Makers often use welding to create custom metal structures and fabrications, repair damaged metal parts, or to add decorative elements to metal pieces. Welding can be dangerous, and proper safety measures such as protective gear and proper ventilation must be followed.
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A weaver is an individual who practices the art or craft of weaving, which involves creating fabric by interlacing threads or yarns on a loom. Weavers typically work with various materials, such as cotton, wool, silk, or synthetic fibers, to produce textiles in different patterns, textures, and designs.
The process of weaving involves carefully setting up the loom, which consists of a framework of parallel threads called the warp. The weaver then introduces the weft, which is the thread or yarn that is woven across the warp to create the fabric. By manipulating the interlacing pattern of the warp and weft, the weaver can create intricate and unique textile designs.
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As an entrepreneur, a weaver may engage in various activities to drive their business forward. This can include designing and creating unique woven products, sourcing high-quality materials, managing the production process, marketing and promoting their brand, and selling their products through different channels such as online platforms, craft fairs, or retail stores.
Maker entrepreneurs who practice weaving often leverage their craftsmanship and artistic skills to create products that stand out in the market. They may focus on developing a distinct style or niche, targeting specific customer segments or markets, and building a brand that reflects their values and expertise in weaving.
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A weaver in the Maker community refers to a person who uses weaving techniques and tools to create textile-based projects. Weavers in the Maker community may use traditional hand-held looms or modern computerized looms to create their projects. Weaving is a popular craft within the Maker community because it allows for the creation of unique and personalized fabric designs.
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Wires are conductive materials, typically made of copper or aluminum, that are used to carry electrical currents from one point to another. They consist of a solid or stranded metal core surrounded by an insulating material, such as plastic or rubber, to prevent electrical short circuits and ensure safe and efficient transmission of electricity.
The process of weaving involves carefully setting up the loom, which consists of a framework of parallel threads called the warp. The weaver then introduces the weft, which is the thread or yarn that is woven across the warp to create the fabric. By manipulating the interlacing pattern of the warp and weft, the weaver can create intricate and unique textile designs.
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In terms of entrepreneurship, wires can play a crucial role in various industries and business sectors. Here are a few ways wires are relevant to entrepreneurship:
Manufacturing and Electronics: Wires are essential components in the manufacturing of electrical and electronic devices. Entrepreneurs involved in electronics manufacturing can leverage wires for connecting components, creating circuitry, and ensuring the functionality and reliability of their products.
Energy and Power Systems: Wires are used extensively in energy and power systems, including renewable energy projects, electrical grids, and power distribution networks. Entrepreneurs in the energy sector can utilize wires to design and develop efficient and safe electrical infrastructure.
Construction and Infrastructure: Wires are vital in the construction industry for electrical wiring and building infrastructure. Entrepreneurs involved in building and construction can leverage wires for installing electrical systems, lighting, and various electrical applications in residential, commercial, and industrial buildings.
Automotive and Transportation: Wires are crucial for automotive wiring systems, providing electrical connections for various components in vehicles. Entrepreneurs in the automotive industry can utilize wires for manufacturing electrical harnesses, connecting sensors, actuators, and other electrical devices in vehicles.
Telecommunications and Networking: Wires play a significant role in telecommunications and networking infrastructure. Entrepreneurs in the telecommunications sector can leverage wires for establishing physical connections in data centers, telecommunications networks, and networking equipment.
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In the Maker community, wires refer to the conductive cables used for connecting different electronic components together to build circuits or other electronic devices. Wires are an essential component for many Maker projects that involve electronics, such as robotics, automation systems, and sensors. They come in various sizes, lengths, and colors, and Makers use different types of wires, such as solid-core and stranded wires, depending on the application. Wiring is an important aspect of electronics projects, and Makers need to have a good understanding of how to select and connect wires to ensure proper functionality and safety.
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Wearables refer to electronic devices or technologies that can be worn on the body, typically in the form of accessories or clothing. These devices are designed to integrate seamlessly into daily life and provide various functions, such as monitoring health and fitness metrics, delivering notifications, tracking location, or providing enhanced communication capabilities.
Wearables come in a wide range of forms, including smartwatches, fitness trackers, smart glasses, smart clothing, and even implantable devices. They incorporate sensors, processors, and wireless connectivity to gather data, process information, and interact with the user or other devices.
The primary purpose of wearables is to enhance and augment the user’s experience and capabilities. They can provide personalized data and insights, promote health and well-being, facilitate communication and productivity, and even enable immersive experiences through virtual and augmented reality.
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In terms of entrepreneurship, wearables present exciting opportunities for innovation, product development, and business growth. Here are a few aspects of wearables in the context of entrepreneurship:
Product Development: Entrepreneurs can explore the design and development of wearable devices that cater to specific customer needs or address particular market gaps. This involves identifying target audiences, conducting market research, prototyping, and manufacturing.
Technology Integration: Wearables often rely on advanced technologies such as sensors, wireless connectivity, data analytics, and user interfaces. Entrepreneurs can leverage these technologies to create innovative and cutting-edge wearable products that deliver unique functionalities and experiences.
User Experience and Design: User experience plays a crucial role in the success of wearable products. Entrepreneurs need to focus on designing intuitive interfaces and aesthetically pleasing wearables that seamlessly integrate into users’ lives.
Health and Wellness: Wearables have gained significant traction in the health and wellness industry, enabling individuals to track their fitness levels, monitor vital signs, and manage their well-being. Entrepreneurs can develop wearable devices and accompanying software platforms that promote health and wellness, providing personalized insights and actionable recommendations.
Market Opportunities: With the growing demand for wearables, entrepreneurs can explore various market segments and niches. This includes identifying specific industries or target demographics that can benefit from wearable technology, such as sports and fitness, healthcare, entertainment, or workplace productivity.
Business Models: Entrepreneurs can develop sustainable business models around wearables, such as direct-to-consumer sales, subscription-based services, partnerships with other companies, or data monetization through aggregated user insights.
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In the Maker community, wearables are often created by incorporating technology and electronics into clothing or accessories, creating functional and fashionable items. Wearables can be designed to track biometric data, monitor activity, and provide alerts or notifications to the user. The Maker community has embraced wearables as a way to combine technology with personal style, and there are many DIY kits and tutorials available for creating custom wearables.
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X-ray is a form of electromagnetic radiation that has a wavelength shorter than that of visible light. X-rays have high energy and can pass through most objects, including the human body. When X-rays are passed through an object, they are absorbed in varying degrees depending on the density of the material.
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X-ray technology can have various applications in Maker entrepreneurship. For example, X-ray inspection systems can be used for quality control and inspection of products, such as circuit boards, electronic components, and other manufactured goods. This can help ensure that products meet certain standards and regulations, and can help identify and address any issues or defects. X-ray technology can also be used in the development and prototyping of new products, particularly in fields such as materials science and engineering, where understanding the internal structure of materials is important. Additionally, X-ray technology can have applications in medical and scientific research, which may be relevant to certain Maker entrepreneurship endeavors.
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X-ray technology can have various applications in the Maker community, such as in non-destructive testing of materials, quality control of manufactured components, and reverse engineering of existing products. For example, X-ray computed tomography (CT) can be used to create 3D models of objects, allowing Makers to analyze the internal structure of an object without physically cutting it open. This can be particularly useful in fields such as product design and engineering, where understanding the internal components of a product is important.
Generic Definition:
In mathematics, the x-axis is the horizontal axis in a Cartesian coordinate system, representing the independent variable in a function or equation.
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In entrepreneurship, the x-axis refers to the horizontal axis on a graph or chart, representing time, market share, or other quantitative variables that can be plotted over a specific period. It is often used to analyze trends, performance, and growth in a business, and helps entrepreneurs to make informed decisions based on data-driven insights.
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In the context of the Maker community, the X-axis refers to the horizontal axis of a 3D printer, CNC machine, or other fabrication equipment that allows for movement in the left-right direction. The X-axis is usually perpendicular to the Y-axis, which represents the front-back movement, and the Z-axis, which represents the up-down movement. The X-axis is an essential part of any machine that needs to move a tool or workpiece in two dimensions.
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Makers and other members of the community often prioritize using eco-friendly materials and production methods that reduce waste, energy consumption, and greenhouse gas emissions. They may also focus on creating products that are durable, reusable, and repairable, with the goal of reducing consumption and waste. Additionally, the community may engage in educational efforts to promote sustainable practices and encourage others to adopt more environmentally conscious behaviors.
One of the primary ways that Makers share is through open source hardware and software. This means that Makers freely share the designs and code for their projects, allowing others to learn from and build upon their work. This approach to sharing has led to a culture of collaboration and innovation within the Maker community, as Makers are encouraged to build on the work of others and share their own contributions.
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In its simplest form, replication is the act of copying or reproducing something. This is done naturally in biology (for example, our DNA replicates itself) and in the Maker world it may refer to the copying or reproduction of any kind of idea, research, item, product, or process to make a similar one or test the possibility of reproducing the first. It is an important step in many areas to see whether we can make large-scale and/or smaller scale batches of an item, or whether an idea or process holds up outside of its initial context.
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Replication refers to the process of creating multiple copies of a particular project or design. Therefore, it is an important aspect of the Maker community because it allows makers to share their ideas and designs with others, and to produce large quantities of products or components quickly and efficiently. This makes it much easier for Maker-entrepreneurs to create greater numbers of products for sale.
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In a community sense, one of the key benefits of replication is its ability to facilitate collaboration and knowledge sharing. By replicating a particular project or design, Makers can share their ideas and knowledge with others, allowing for greater innovation and creativity. Replication also allows Makers to build on the work of others, creating new and improved versions of existing designs.
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A laser is a device that generates an intense beam of coherent monochromatic light (or other electromagnetic radiation) by stimulated emission of photons from excited atoms or molecules. Lasers are used in drilling and cutting, alignment and guidance, and in surgery. Their optical properties are exploited in holography, reading barcodes, and in recording and playing compact discs. In the Maker world, lasers are often used for cutting wood and other materials, or forming specific designs on their surface by cutting or scratching at a shallower depth.
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Lasers are a very important and helpful tool for many Makers, especially because the laser cutting process allows them to make a wide variety of products and to speed up production times considerably, as compared to cutting by hand. This allows some Maker-entrepreneurs to create larger batches of their products and produce them more quickly.
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Laser cutting is a popular technology within the Maker community, particularly among those interested in creating custom designs out of various materials. Laser cutting involves using a laser to cut or engrave precise designs into a wide range of materials, including wood, acrylic, metal, and more.
In the Maker community, laser cutting is often used to create custom pieces for various projects. For example, Makers might use a laser cutter to create intricate designs for jewelry, cut out parts for a custom electronics enclosure, or even create custom signage or artwork.
Generic Definition:
Maker education is an approach to learning that emphasizes hands-on, creative problem-solving using a variety of tools, technologies, and materials. It is often associated with the Maker movement and the use of makerspaces or other collaborative workspaces, and is intended to provide learners with practical skills and real-world experience in areas such as design, engineering, and fabrication.
In terms of entrepreneurship:
Maker education prepares students with the skills, mindset, and experiences necessary for entrepreneurship. It cultivates an entrepreneurial mindset, develops technical skills, fosters innovation and design thinking, encourages risk-taking and collaboration, and provides exposure to entrepreneurial role models and resources. By integrating entrepreneurship principles into Maker education, students are empowered to explore their entrepreneurial aspirations, develop viable business ideas, and embark on their entrepreneurial journeys.
In terms of community:
Maker education can take many forms, from formal school programs to after-school clubs and community workshops, and often involves the use of digital tools such as 3D printers, laser cutters, and microcontrollers. The goal of Maker education is to empower learners to be creative, innovative, and resourceful, and to inspire them to pursue careers in STEM fields or other areas of interest.
Generic Definition:
1.relating or restricted to a particular area or one’s neighbourhood.
2. (in technical use) relating to a particular region or part, or to each of any number of these.
“a local infection”
noun: local; plural noun: locals
an inhabitant of a particular area or neighbourhood.
“the street was full of locals and tourists”
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Local design within the maker movement fuels a transformative approach, emphasizing community-specific innovation and problem-solving. By integrating local knowledge and resources, makers create solutions that resonate with the unique needs of their surroundings. This strategy not only bolsters entrepreneurship by promoting tailored products and services but also stimulates economic growth through job creation and sustainable business models. Moreover, the practice of local design supports environmental sustainability by reducing resource consumption and waste, fostering a responsible production ethos. Ultimately, the maker world’s commitment to local design empowers communities, fuels innovation, and drives positive change on both economic and environmental fronts.
In terms of community:
In the Maker community, “local” refers to a focus on creating and consuming products that are produced within a specific geographic region. This can include sourcing raw materials from local suppliers, manufacturing products in local workshops or factories, and selling the finished products through local markets or shops. The goal of a local approach is to promote sustainable economic development and to build stronger, more resilient communities by keeping resources and wealth within the region. This approach can also help to reduce the environmental impact of transportation and logistics, as products are produced and consumed closer to where they are needed.
Generic Definition:
The term “learning curve” generally refers to the rate at which someone is able to learn a new skill or concept over time.
In terms of entrepreneurship:
For entrepreneurs entering the maker world, the learning curve is a significant aspect of their entrepreneurial endeavor as they often encounter a wide range of disciplines, from design and prototyping to manufacturing and marketing. Navigating these diverse areas requires a willingness to learn and adapt continually. As they tackle challenges, entrepreneurs gain invaluable insights, honing their abilities and becoming more proficient in various aspects of their business.
Even though eachi individual has their own learning curve and personal way of acquiring knowledge, there are certain thing that we’ve noticed help out makers looking to become entrepreneurs or vice versa, entrepreneurs who want to become makers. Giving people the context in which they can feel safe to jump into something new is very important and it can be making sure that they are included in the community, having training programs for new equipment or having incubators and accelerator programs.
Also see Fab Lab
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In the Maker community, the term may be used to describe the process of acquiring new skills or knowledge related to making, such as learning how to use a new tool or software program. As with any new skill, there is typically a learning curve involved, where the Maker must spend time practicing and gaining experience before they are able to use the tool or program effectively. The Maker community often encourages a culture of continuous learning and improvement, so the concept of the learning curve is an important one for many Makers.
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In the Maker community, licenses refer to the legal agreements that govern the use, sharing, and distribution of intellectual property. These licenses provide a framework for creators and Makers to share their work with others while retaining some control over its use and distribution. One of the most well-known licenses used in the Maker community is the Creative Commons license, which allows creators to share their work with others while still retaining some control over how it is used and attributed. Other licenses used in the Maker community include the GNU General Public License, the MIT License, and the Apache License.
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Learning by doing is a fundamental concept in the Maker community. It emphasizes hands-on, experiential learning through the process of designing, creating, and iterating on projects. The idea is that by actively engaging in the making process, individuals can learn new skills, develop problem-solving abilities, and gain a deeper understanding of the materials and tools they are working with. This approach to learning is often facilitated through makerspaces, where individuals can access equipment, tools, and resources to pursue their projects and collaborate with other Makers.
Generic Definition:
A Maker is person or thing that makes or produces something.
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In the Maker community, a Maker refers to an individual who enjoys creating or producing things, often using their hands and a variety of tools and materials. Makers often value the process of creating as much as the end product and may work on a wide range of projects, including electronics, woodworking, textiles, and 3D printing, among others. The Maker movement emphasizes the importance of community, collaboration, and open sharing of knowledge and skills.
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In the Maker community, “material” refers to any substance or resource that is used in the process of making. This can include raw materials such as wood, metal, plastic, and fabric, as well as more specialized materials such as electronic components, circuit boards, and 3D printing filaments. The Maker community values experimentation and innovation, and often seeks to repurpose or recycle materials in new and creative ways. Many Makers also prioritize sustainable and eco-friendly materials in their projects, such as bioplastics and biodegradable materials. Overall, the choice of materials in the Maker community depends on the specific project goals, available resources, and desired aesthetics.
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Metalworking is a common skill in the Maker community, and Makers often use various types of metals, such as aluminum, steel, copper, brass, and more, to create everything from sculptures and furniture to tools and machines. The use of metal in the Maker community requires knowledge of techniques like welding, cutting, forging, and bending to shape and join pieces of metal together into finished products. Metalworking can be done by hand, using traditional techniques like blacksmithing, or with modern tools and machines like CNC mills, lathes, and plasma cutters.
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In the context of the Maker community, marketing refers to the process of promoting and selling products created by Makers. It involves developing a brand identity, creating awareness about the product, identifying and reaching target audiences, and generating sales. Makers may use a variety of marketing techniques such as social media marketing, content marketing, influencer marketing, and email marketing to reach their audiences. Effective marketing strategies can help makers grow their businesses, reach new customers, and build a loyal following.
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Mold making is an important technique in the Maker community, especially for those working with materials such as resin or silicone. Mold making involves creating a mold of an object or form in order to replicate it multiple times. This can be done using a variety of materials and techniques, including silicone, plaster, and 3D printing. Once a mold has been made, it can be used to cast multiple copies of the original object using a variety of materials. Mold making is a valuable technique for those in the Maker community who are interested in creating multiples of a particular design or object.
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In the Maker community, a manufacturer refers to a person or a company that produces physical products. Manufacturers use various tools and techniques to produce goods in large quantities, often with the help of automation and assembly lines. In the context of the Maker movement, the term “manufacturer” may have a slightly different connotation, as many Makers embrace the idea of producing small-batch or custom-made products as opposed to mass-produced ones. Some Makers may even establish their own small-scale manufacturing operations, such as creating products using 3D printers, laser cutters, or other tools available in makerspaces.
Generic Definition:
CNC milling is a versatile and widely used manufacturing method that allows for the production of intricate parts with high precision, making it an essential technology in modern manufacturing processes.
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CNC milling technology empowers entrepreneurs by facilitating product development, customization, cost-effective manufacturing, rapid prototyping, innovation, scalability, and access to entrepreneurial ecosystems. It plays a vital role in the journey of entrepreneurship, enabling entrepreneurs to bring their ideas to fruition and establish successful businesses.
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Milling is a popular technique in the Maker community because it allows Makers to create precise, custom parts and objects from a wide range of materials. Milling can be used for a variety of applications, including prototyping, creating molds, and producing finished products.
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Makerspaces can be found in schools, universities, community centers, libraries, or dedicated facilities. They play a vital role in promoting hands-on learning, innovation, and entrepreneurship by providing individuals with access to tools, resources, and a supportive community to pursue their creative endeavors.
In terms of entrepreneurship:
Makerspaces provide a supportive and collaborative environment for entrepreneurs. They offer access to resources, foster innovation, facilitate skill development, provide networking opportunities, and offer support for idea validation and market testing. By nurturing the entrepreneurial spirit and providing essential tools and resources, makerspaces contribute to the success and growth of entrepreneurial ventures.
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A makerspace is a collaborative workspace where people can gather to create, invent, and learn. It is a community-operated workspace where people with common interests, often in technology, science, and art, can meet, socialize, and collaborate on projects.
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Mistakes are an inherent part of the making process, and they can serve as valuable learning experiences for Makers. It’s important to remember that mistakes are part of the learning process and can lead to valuable insights and improvements. Recognizing and embracing mistakes as opportunities for growth, problem-solving, and iteration can help Makers refine their skills, enhance their projects, and achieve better outcomes in the long run.
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In the Maker community, mistakes are often seen as a valuable part of the learning process. Makers are encouraged to experiment and take risks, which can lead to unexpected outcomes and errors. However, mistakes are not necessarily viewed as failures, but rather as opportunities to learn and improve. This approach to mistakes is often referred to as a “fail-forward” mentality, where Makers use their mistakes as a way to iterate and refine their work. This can be seen in the iterative design process, where Makers create multiple prototypes and refine their designs based on feedback and mistakes made in previous versions.
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Risograph printing is a technique best described as a ‘digital screen printing’. The process is similar to screen printing, but with the convenience of an office photocopier. It is known for its vivid colours (that other printers can’t produce) and its specific textures. Risograph machines deliver ‘perfect imperfections’ and provide a cheap and easy method for reproducing work in arge quantities, like posters, prints and zines. The risograph machine and its printing process were invented by Japanese printer Noboru Hayama in post-war Japan in 1946.
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Makers can create a variety of items and products in high quality using risograph printing, whether these are the items for sale or publicity or marketing materials to promote the products. This tool is used by Makers from many different fields and backgrounds.
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Risograph printing has become increasingly popular in the Maker community as a way to produce high-quality prints with a unique aesthetic. Risograph printers are similar to traditional screen printing, but use a stencil-based printing process that allows for more colors and finer details.
One of the main benefits of Risograph printing is its affordability and versatility. Risograph printers are relatively inexpensive and can be used to produce a wide range of prints, from posters and zines to booklets and packaging materials. This affordability has made Risograph printing a popular choice for independent artists and small businesses looking to produce high-quality printed materials without breaking the bank.
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Open source refers to a specific approach in the development and distribution of software, documentation and other creative works. In an open-source project, the source code is made freely available and accessible to the public. This means that anyone can view, use, modify, and distribute the information.
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The open source approach empowers Makers with the tools, knowledge, and collaborative environment necessary to turn their ideas into viable entrepreneurial ventures while also fostering a culture of innovation and accessibility in the Maker community.
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In the Maker community, open source typically refers to the sharing of designs, software, and other resources in a way that allows others to freely use, modify, and distribute them. This collaborative approach to creation and innovation is a core principle of the Maker movement, as it encourages participation and creativity among a diverse community of Makers.
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Open hardware refers to physical products or devices whose design is made freely available to the public under an open-source license. Similar to open-source software, open hardware allows anyone to access, use, modify, distribute, and manufacture the hardware design without facing the legal restrictions typically associated with proprietary hardware.
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Open hardware empowers Maker-entrepreneurs with cost-effective tools, collaborative communities, and customizable solutions, enabling them to turn their creative ideas into viable businesses. The open-source nature of hardware designs provides a supportive ecosystem that nurtures innovation, fosters knowledge sharing, and contributes to the growth of the Maker and entrepreneurial communities.
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Open hardware refers to the practice of making hardware and its design freely available to anyone to use, modify, and distribute. It is similar to open-source software, but instead of software, it is hardware that is made available for public use. The open hardware movement aims to promote innovation and collaboration in hardware design, and to make technology more accessible and affordable to everyone in the Maker community (and wider society).
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Being open in the Maker world fosters a culture of collaboration, creativity, and community-driven innovation. It empowers individuals to contribute, learn, and make a positive impact on their communities and the world at large. The open ethos is the core of the Maker movement, promoting a more accessible and sustainable approach to technology and innovation.
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In the context of the Maker community, “open” often refers to the principles of open source and open hardware, which emphasize the sharing and collaboration of design and production information. This includes sharing schematics, source code, and documentation for projects so that others can modify, reproduce, and build upon the work.
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Plastics are a wide range of synthetic or semi-synthetic materials that use polymers as a main ingredient. Their plasticity makes it possible for plastics to be moulded, extruded or pressed into solid objects of various shapes. This adaptability, plus a wide range of other properties, such as being lightweight, durable, flexible, and inexpensive to produce, has led to its widespread use. Plastics typically are made through human industrial systems. Most modern plastics are derived from fossil fuel-based chemicals like natural gas or petroleum; however, recent industrial methods use variants made from renewable materials, such as corn or cotton derivatives.
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It’s important to note that while plastics offer numerous advantages, there are environmental concerns associated with their use, especially when it comes to single-use plastics and improper disposal. Entrepreneurs should consider sustainable practices, such as using recyclable materials, promoting circular economy principles, and raising awareness about responsible plastic usage.
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There are various types of plastic filaments available for 3D printers, such as PLA, ABS, PETG, Nylon, and more. Plastic is also used in injection molding and vacuum forming. However, the Maker community is also aware of the environmental impact of plastic waste and is exploring more sustainable alternatives such as bioplastics and recycling. There are ongoing efforts to develop open source machines that can recycle plastic waste into usable 3D printing filaments, thus reducing the amount of plastic waste.
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The Maker movement’s diversity is one of its strengths, as it brings together people from various disciplines and backgrounds, fostering a culture of collaboration and shared learning. The community is known for its inclusive and welcoming nature, where participants encourage each other to embrace creativity, share knowledge, and celebrate the joy of making.
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Maker entrepreneurs embody the spirit of creativity, innovation, and problem-solving that stems from the Maker world, while also leveraging business skills and determination to bring their creations to the market. This allows them to turn their passions and skills into successful entrepreneurial ventures. It combines hands-on making with risk-taking and overcoming challenges to create innovation-driven business.
In terms of community:
In the Maker community, people are the core of the community. Makers are individuals who are passionate about creating and innovating with a variety of tools, materials, and technologies. They come from diverse backgrounds and have different skill sets, but they share a common goal of making things and solving problems. The Maker community values collaboration, sharing knowledge, and helping others to learn and grow their skills. People in the Maker community are often involved in makerspaces, Fab Labs, and other collaborative workspaces where they can connect with like-minded individuals and work on projects together.
Generic Definition:
3D printing, also known as additive manufacturing, is a manufacturing process that creates three-dimensional objects by adding material layer by layer. Unlike traditional subtractive manufacturing methods, where material is removed from a solid block to create the desired shape, 3D printing builds the object layer by layer using a digital model as a blueprint.
In terms of entrepreneurship:
3D printing has revolutionized the way Makers approach entrepreneurship. It provides the means to turn ideas into physical products with greater speed, flexibility, and affordability. As 3D printing technology continues to advance, it can provide rapid prototyping, low cost production, and access to new markets or empower small-scale entrepreneurs, for example.
In terms of community:
Printing is a broad term that can refer to various processes of reproducing images or text on paper or other materials. In the context of the Maker community, 3D printing is a popular technology that allows for the creation of three-dimensional objects from a digital design. Makers can use 3D printing to create prototypes, parts, and even finished products. Other forms of printing, such as screen printing, also have applications in the Maker community for creating custom designs on clothing, posters, and other materials.
Generic Definition:
A public space is a place that is open and accessible to the general public. Roads (including the pavement), public squares, parks, and beaches are typically considered public spaces, as well as some government buildings that are open to the public, like public libraries. Public space has become an important concept in relation to philosophy, urban geography, visual art, cultural studies, social studies, and urban design. The term ‘public space’ is also often misconstrued to mean other things, such as a ‘gathering place’, which is an element of the larger concept of social space. Public spaces have often been valued as democratic spaces of congregation and political participation, where groups can vocalize their rights.
In terms of entrepreneurship:
Public spaces can be key places for Makers to meet with other Makers and form communities, meet potential clients, and even sell their products (at outdoor festivals and fairs, etc.). Some Makers also create their products or carry out their projects directly in public spaces, such as Makers who do experimental or artistic types of making in public squares, parks, and other publicly owned buildings. For instance, in the city of Barcelona, a large makerspace is housed in a public library in the district of Sant Andreu.
In terms of community:
Public space can play an important role in the Maker community, providing a venue for Makers to showcase their work, collaborate with others, and engage with the broader community. Public spaces such as libraries, community centers, and parks can be transformed into makerspaces, providing a platform for Makers to come together, share resources, and engage in collective creativity.
Generic Definition:
Public policy labs are dedicated teams, structures, or entities focused on designing public policy through innovative methods that involve all stakeholders in the design process. Practitioners describe these efforts as design or evidence-based approaches, which places the end users at the center of each stage of the policy-making process. After proposals are formulated, they are tested and validated through various forms of experimentation. In addition to co-creating and re-imagining policies and public programs, Policy Labs also undertake a wide range of activities such as preparing prospective studies, organizing creativity workshops, or instilling a sense of empowerment in civil servants through training and other learning activities. These may be temporary initiatives or more long-term and permanent in nature, and are often seen on the European and national scales.
In terms of entrepreneurship:
The results obtained from public policy labs may have important impacts on the entrepreneurial capacities of makers, when public policies are defined and enforced. The more research, experimentation, participation, and co-creation that goes into these labs, the more likely it is that the resulting public policies will help Makers and Maker-entrepreneurs continue to build their businesses and the Maker movement in general.
In terms of community:
Public policy labs and the Maker community can intersect in various ways. Makers within the community often use design thinking and other creative problem-solving approaches to tackle social and public policy challenges. Likewise, public policy labs can benefit from the Maker community’s expertise in prototyping, testing, and iterating solutions to complex problems.
Public policy labs can also engage with the Maker community by providing resources and support for Makers to create innovative solutions to public policy challenges. This can involve providing access to data, funding, or other resources that Makers can use to develop and test new ideas.
Generic Definition:
Resin is an organic secretion produced by many plants, particularly coniferous trees. It is highly valued for its chemical properties and associated uses, such as the production of varnishes, adhesives and food additives. In the Maker world, it is used as the basis of plastics, adhesives, varnishes, or other products used for finishing a product.
In terms of entrepreneurship:
Resins are used by many Makers, especially those who create products with plastic, adhesives, or varnishes (for example, furniture, sculptures, electronics, jewellery, and many others) and seek to sell these objects.
In terms of community:
Resin is a popular material used in the Maker community for creating a wide range of projects, from jewelry and art pieces to prototypes and functional objects. Resin is a versatile and durable material that can be molded and shaped into a variety of forms, making it ideal for Makers who want to create custom or unique objects.
One of the key benefits of using resin in the Maker community is its versatility. Resin can be mixed with pigments, dyes, or other materials to create a wide range of colors and textures. It can also be cast in a variety of shapes and sizes, making it ideal for creating intricate or detailed designs.
Generic Definition:
Research is the systematic investigation into and study of materials and sources in order to establish facts and reach new conclusions, understandings, or uses. It also seeks to contribute to the creation of new knowledge, or using existing knowledge in a new and creative way in order to generate these new concepts, methodologies, understandings, and uses.
In terms of entrepreneurship:
Research is a key part of Makers’ entrepreneurship, since they must do research in a variety of areas in order to build their businesses. This includes research into the products they want to make, the best materials and processes for creating the products, research about other companies who sell similar products, research about how to brand and market these items, and ongoing research about how to keep updating and innovating their products so they stay interesting and up-to-date with trends and achievements in the Maker world, among many possibilities.
In terms of community:
Research plays an important role in the Maker community, helping Makers to develop and improve their projects and products. Research can involve a wide range of activities, from gathering information about materials and techniques to exploring new ideas and technologies.
One of the main benefits of using research in the Maker community is that it can help Makers to identify new opportunities and areas for innovation. By staying up-to-date with the latest trends and technologies, Makers can develop new ideas and approaches that can help them create more effective and impactful projects.
Generic Definition:
Raw materials are materials or substances used in the primary production or manufacturing of goods, i.e. the basic material from which a product is made. These may include: Plant/tree-based materials like vegetables, fruits, flowers, wood, resin, and latex, obtained from plants and trees; Animal-based materials like leather, meat, bones, milk, wool, and silk, all obtained from animals; and Mining-based materials like minerals, metals, crude oil, coal, etc., that are obtained by mining the earth.
In terms of entrepreneurship:
Raw materials are important to many Makers, especially those that sell their products, as they are the building blocks of Makers’ products and thus of their businesses. Makers must decide on the products they want to make depending greatly on the availability of the raw materials needed to make these items. Sometimes Makers must also innovate and work with different materials or processes if they do not have the necessary raw materials available in their areas.
In terms of community:
Raw materials are a crucial component of the Maker community, as they form the basis of many different projects and products. From wood and metal to fabrics and plastics, raw materials can be transformed and manipulated by Makers to create a wide range of objects and art pieces.
One of the key benefits of using raw materials in the Maker community is the ability to create custom or unique objects. By starting with raw materials, Makers can develop their own designs and create objects that are tailored to their specific needs or interests. This level of customization is often not possible with mass-produced products.
Generic Definition:
Robotics is an interdisciplinary branch of computer science and engineering that involves the conception, design, manufacture and operation of robots. The objective of the robotics field is to create intelligent machines that can assist humans in a variety of ways, and these can take on a number of forms.Today, robotics is a rapidly growing field, as technological advances continue. Researching, designing, and building new robots serve various practical purposes, whether domestically, commercially, or militarily. Many robots are built to do jobs that are hazardous to people, such as defusing bombs, finding survivors in unstable ruins, and exploring mines and shipwrecks. Robotics is also used in STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) as a teaching aid.
In terms of entrepreneurship:
Robotics is an attractive area of the Maker world for many Maker-entrepreneurs, especially those who want to work with innovative technological aspects of the Maker movement. While there are not very many Makers creating robots or other high-level robotics-based products for sale, there are some who do use robots or elements of robotics in their experimental and innovative products, and others who begin experimenting and making using robotics do end up selling their prototypes and products to buyers in the wider industries of science, technology, and engineering.
In terms of community:
Robotics is a popular area of interest in the Maker community, as it allows Makers to explore and experiment with the latest technologies and develop their own robots and automation systems. Robotics projects can range from simple toys and gadgets to complex machines and systems that can perform a wide range of tasks.
One of the main benefits of robotics in the Maker community is its ability to inspire creativity and innovation. Robotics projects often require Makers to combine different technologies and techniques, leading to new and unexpected results. This can lead to the development of new technologies and approaches that can be applied in other areas of the Maker community, as well as to teaching the use and construction of robotics.
Generic Definition:
Raspberry pi is a series of small single-board computers (SBCs) developed in the United Kingdom by the Raspberry Pi Foundation in association with Broadcom. The Raspberry Pi project originally leaned towards the promotion of teaching basic computer science in schools. The original model became more popular than anticipated, selling outside its target market for uses such as robotics. It is widely used in many areas, such as for weather monitoring, because of its low cost, modularity, and open design. It is typically used by computer and electronic hobbyists, due to its adoption of the HDMI and USB standards.
In terms of entrepreneurship:
Raspberry Pi computer boards can be good tools for small companies, bringing lots of (open source) services at affordable costs. Makers who do not need extensive computing systems or prefer the flexibility of building their own systems and using open source software can make the most of the raspberry pi for running their businesses.
In terms of community:
One of the key benefits of Raspberry Pi is its flexibility and versatility. Raspberry Pi can run a wide range of operating systems, including Linux, and supports a variety of programming languages, making it a popular choice for Makers who want to experiment and explore different technologies.
Raspberry Pi is also very affordable, making it accessible to a wide range of people, including students, hobbyists, and professionals. This affordability has helped to democratize technology and has allowed Makers to develop innovative and impactful projects without the need for expensive hardware or equipment.
Generic Definition:
A worker in a skilled trade, especially one that involves making things by hand. An example: “Street markets where local artisans display handwoven textiles, painted ceramics, and leather goods.”
In terms of entrepreneurship:
In terms of entrepreneurship, an artisan is someone who creates handmade goods with the purpose of selling them.
Artisans have traditionally sold their creations through galleries, artwork shows, and online stores, but an increasing number of young entrepreneurs are also exploring innovative ways to market and sell their wares. Commonly used techniques include crowdfunding campaigns, targeted social media campaigns, and selling goods through online companies like Etsy. These entrepreneurs are passionate about delivering unique, quality products that also have a high level of customer service. While many artisans have chosen to go the traditional route, bootstrapping their businesses without venture capital, more and more are now turning to VC funding for growth.
Artisan entrepreneurs not only create beautiful things that people can enjoy, they also contribute to the economy by creating jobs and inspiring innovation.
At Nod Makerspace we would say that a maker can be an artisan but an artisan is not necessarily a maker, as the use of modern tools and technologies is strongly connected in maker culture.
In terms of community:
Maker communities pften have a strong number of artisans, but the traditional craft component is reinterpreted and gets a modern twist by the introduction of modern equipment.
